Clinical Kinesiology and Anatomy - Chapter 3: Skeletal System

Vocabulary flashcards based on Chapter 3: Skeletal System covering skeletal functions, bone composition, anatomy, classifications, Wolff's law, and common pathologies.

Axial Skeleton

The portion of the skeleton consisting of 80 bones that forms the upright body, including the skull, hyoid bone, ear ossicles, vertebral column, and rib cage.

Appendicular Skeleton

The portion of the skeleton consisting of 126 bones that attaches to the axial skeleton, including the shoulder girdle, arm, hand, pelvic girdle, leg, and foot.

Compact Bone

The hard, dense outer layer of bone.

Cancellous Bone

The porous, spongy inside portion of bone, found primarily in long bones.

Wolff's Law

The principle stating that bone density increases in areas on which increased forces are imposed and decreases in areas on which forces are decreased.

Periosteum

A membrane covering the entire surface of the bone except the articular joint, containing blood supply, nerves, a large number of pain receptors, and attachment points for ligaments and tendons.

Epiphysis

The portion at the end of a long bone where the articular surface is located.

Epiphyseal Plate

The growing area of a long bone where longitudinal growth occurs.

Diaphysis

The main shaft of a long bone.

Metaphysis

The flared part of a long bone that serves as the transition area from the end diaphysis to the epiphysis.

Medullary Canal

The hollow center of a bone containing marrow and blood vessels.

Endosteum

The membrane that lines the medullary canal inside a bone.

Osteoclasts

Bone cells responsible for bone resorption.

Osteoblasts

Bone cells responsible for making new bone.

Structure of a Long Bone

The anatomical structure of a long bone, showing regions such as the epiphysis, epiphyseal plate, metaphysis, diaphysis, periosteum, endosteum, medullary canal, compact bone, and cancellous bone.

Long Bones

Bones with a length greater than their width, total 90 in number, including upper and lower extremities and the clavicles.

Short Bones

Bones with approximately equal height, length, and width, totaling 28 bones in the body, such as carpals and tarsals (excluding the pisiform).

Flat Bones

Bones with a broad surface that are not thick, totaling 36 bones, including the sternum, ribs, scapulae, and specific skull bones.

Irregular Bones

Bones with complex or irregular shapes, totaling 48 bones, including hip bones, the vertebral column, hyoid bone, ear ossicles, and specific skull bones.

Sesamoid Bones

Small bones located where tendons cross the ends of long bones, such as near the head of the 1st metatarsal or the pisiform.

Fracture

A condition defined as a broken bone.

Osteoporosis

A skeletal pathology involving the loss of normal bone density.

Osteomyelitis

An infection of the bone, usually caused by bacteria.

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease

An epiphyseal disorder where blood supply to the femoral head is interrupted, causing necrosis to the bone.

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

An epiphyseal disorder where the head of the femur becomes displaced due to separation at the growth plate.