9 Genetic Mutations

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Mutation

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A change or alteration to DNA, leading to potential effects on mRNA transcription and protein translation.

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Spontaneous Mutations

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Mutations that arise from inaccuracies during DNA replication.

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17 Terms

1

Mutation

A change or alteration to DNA, leading to potential effects on mRNA transcription and protein translation.

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2

Spontaneous Mutations

Mutations that arise from inaccuracies during DNA replication.

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3

Induced Mutations

Mutations caused by environmental agents known as mutagens.

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4

Mutagen

An environmental agent, either chemical or physical, that can alter DNA.

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5

Chemical Mutagens

Chemicals that can enter the cell nucleus and directly alter DNA, such as tobacco smoke or nitrous acid.

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6

Physical Mutagens

Forms of radiation that directly damage DNA, such as ultraviolet (UV) rays or X-rays.

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7

Point Mutation

A small scale mutation affecting a single base pair in the DNA sequence.

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8

Missense Mutation

A point mutation that results in a different amino acid being inserted into the protein.

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9

Nonsense Mutation

A mutation that creates a premature stop codon, resulting in a non-functional protein.

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10

Silent Mutation

A mutation that does not affect the amino acid sequence of the resulting protein.

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11

Frameshift Mutation

A mutation caused by insertions or deletions of nucleotides that shifts the reading frame of the DNA.

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12

Large Scale Mutations

Mutations that can involve multiple nucleotides, entire genes, or large regions of a chromosome.

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13

Gene Duplication

The process where a gene or group of genes is copied to multiple regions of chromosomes.

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14

Large Scale Deletion

The removal of entire coding regions of DNA, potentially affecting cellular function.

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15

Translocation

The movement of a group of genes from one chromosome to another, often leading to negative effects.

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16

Inversion

When a portion of DNA containing one or more genes reverses its direction in the genome.

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17

Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion

An increase in the number of repeats of a trinucleotide sequence, which can lead to disorders such as Huntington’s Disease.

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