Energy Balance

Flashcards about Energy Balance, Total energy expenditure, Evaluating body composition, Causes of obesity and Health risks with obesity.

Positive energy balance

Energy intake is greater than energy expended, resulting in weight gain.

Negative energy balance

Energy intake is less than energy expended, resulting in weight loss.

Energy expenditure

The energy the body expends to maintain basic functions and perform all levels of movement and activity.

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

The minimum energy expended to keep a resting, awake body alive; ~60-70% of total energy needs.

Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT)

Energy burned through movement outside of planned physical activity.

Thermic Effect of Food

Energy used to digest, absorb, transport, metabolize, and store nutrients.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Ratio of a person’s weight to the square of height; values below 18.5 or above 30 have increased health risks.

Obesity

Excessive amount of body fat; Women > 35%, Men > 25%.

Body Composition

Measurement of body fat and lean body mass; Measured by Underwater weighing, Skinfold measurements, Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), Dual-energy x ray absorptiometry (DXA), Bod pod

Subcutaneous fat

Fat stored directly under the skin.

Visceral fat

Fat stored in the abdominal cavity.

Ghrelin

Hormone produced in the stomach that increases food intake.

Leptin

Hormone made by adipose tissue that influences long term regulation of fat mass.