UWM Special Topics Midterm Study Guide

Flashcards covering key terms and definitions for the UWM Special Topics midterm study guide.

Psychoactive Substances

Chemicals that alter perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, and behavior by affecting the central nervous system.

Substance Misuse

The improper use of a substance, leading to negative consequences, which differs from casual use and addiction.

Tolerance

A condition where repeated substance use reduces its effects, leading individuals to require higher doses.

Substance Use Disorder (SUD) Categories

Four categories: (1) Impaired control, (2) Social impairment, (3) Risky use, (4) Pharmacological criteria.

Harrison Narcotic Act of 1914

The first federal drug policy in the U.S. that regulated and taxed opiates and coca products, leading to drug-related criminalization.

18th Amendment

Prohibited alcohol in the U.S. during Prohibition (1919).

21st Amendment

Repealed the 18th Amendment, ending Prohibition (1933).

Limbic System

A brain system regulating emotion, motivation, and reward, hijacked by substances to reinforce drug-seeking behavior.

Dopamine

A neurotransmitter that reinforces pleasurable behaviors, involved in substance use, eating, and social interactions.

GABA

An inhibitory neurotransmitter that slows brain activity and is enhanced by alcohol, causing sedation.

Harm Reduction

Strategies aimed at minimizing the negative effects of drug use without requiring complete abstinence.

Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change (TTM)

A model explaining how individuals progress through stages of change, useful for tailoring substance use treatment.

Stages of Change (TTM)

Five stages: Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance; they guide behavior modification.

Relapse

A common occurrence in recovery, seen as part of the process, which can be managed through certain strategies.

Universal Prevention

Prevention strategies applied to the general population, like school anti-drug programs.

Selective Prevention

Prevention strategies targeting at-risk groups, such as children of addicted parents.

Indicated Prevention

Strategies designed for individuals showing early signs of substance misuse, such as brief interventions.

Imaired control

difficulty stopping, craving

social impairment

neglecting responibilities, relationship issues

risky use

using in hazardous situations

pharmacological cirteria

tolerance and withdrawal