5.10

These flashcards cover the key concepts and details from the lecture notes on the Industrial Revolution, focusing on economic, social, and political changes.

What was the Industrial Revolution and when did it begin?

An era that began in the late 18th century, producing economic, social, cultural, political, and environmental changes.

How did the Industrial Revolution impact the production of goods?

It transformed how goods were produced, shifting from skilled artisans to factory systems and mass production.

What class emerged as a result of the Industrial Revolution?

A working class dependent on factory jobs emerged, while the middle class expanded.

Who were prominent philosophers influenced by the Industrial Revolution?

Adam Smith and Karl Marx were key figures whose works were inspired by the changes of the era.

What was a significant social change for women during the Industrial Revolution?

Women became a significant part of the factory workforce, contributing to family income despite earning less than men.

What economic shift occurred in Western Europe during the Industrial Revolution?

A transition from a mercantilist system to a capitalist system that allowed private companies to pursue profits.

What role did the steam engine play during the Industrial Revolution?

It facilitated industrialization by powering machines, improving transportation, and increasing production efficiency.

What significant labor movement developed in response to poor working conditions?

Workers formed labor unions to advocate for better wages, working conditions, and rights through strikes and collective bargaining.

What political changes occurred in response to the demands of the working and middle classes during the Industrial Revolution?

Political reforms were enacted to extend voting rights and address the rights of workers, often linked to the growing middle class.

What were Otto von Bismarck's contributions to worker protections in Germany?

Bismarck enacted social reforms including workers' accident compensation, unemployment insurance, and old age pensions.