Taiwan History and Indigenous Studies Practice Flashcards

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering the historical development of indigenous policies and governance in Taiwan from the prehistoric era through the Dutch, Zheng, Qing, Japanese, and post-war ROC periods.

Origin of Austronesian Peoples (南島語族起源)

Taiwan is considered the starting point of the Austronesian expansion because it possesses the world's highest linguistic diversity, supported by both linguistic and archaeological research.

Route of Austronesian Expansion

The migration path began in Taiwan, moving to the Philippines, and then spreading to Indonesia, Malaysia, the Pacific Islands, and finally as far as Madagascar.

Shisanhang Culture (十三行文化)

A culture representing Taiwan's entry into the Iron Age, characterized by the use of iron tools and maritime trade with China and Southeast Asia.

Nandao Jade Road (南島玉路)

Evidence of prehistoric Taiwan's cross-regional maritime trade involving the export of jade and glass beads to Southeast Asia.

Atayal Culture (泰雅族)

Known for identifying features such as facial tattoos (紋面), the belief in ancestral spirits (祖靈信仰), and millet culture.

Amis Harvest Festival (阿美族豐年祭)

The most representative traditional festival of the Amis people, who are primarily located in eastern Taiwan.

Tao Culture (達悟族)

Indigenous group on Orchid Island (蘭嶼) known for the Flying Fish Festival (飛魚祭), plank boats (拼板舟), and a strong maritime culture.

Paiwan Culture (排灣族)

Known for having a social class system (階級制度), ancestral spirit worship, and the Fire God Festival (火神祭).

Sinkang Manuscripts (新港文書)

Documentary evidence created through the Dutch use of Romanization, forming the earliest large-scale written records for indigenous peoples in Taiwan.

Pusa System (贌社制度)

A Dutch policy where the right to trade with indigenous villages was contracted to merchants to manage deer hide trade and increase government revenue.

Zheng Regime's Tun-tian Policy (屯田政策)

A military farming system designed to increase food supply, support the army, and establish an economic base for the 'Anti-Qing, Restore Ming' cause.

Sea Prohibition / Migration Restrictions (渡臺禁令)

An early Qing policy limiting Han immigration to Taiwan to prevent the island from becoming a base for anti-Qing rebels.

'Tangshan Gong, no Tangshan Ma' (有唐山公，無唐山媽)

A historical phrase describing a gender imbalance caused by Qing migration restrictions, leading to intermarriage between Han men and Plains indigenous women.

Classification Feuds (分類械鬥)

Conflicts between different Han subgroups based on ancestral origin, language, or clan over land, water sources, and resources.

Tuniu Boundary (土牛界碑)

Boundary markers and ditches established by the Qing to divide Han and indigenous activity areas and limit Han encroachment.

Shu-fan (熟番) vs. Sheng-fan (生番)

Shu-fan (熟番) were indigenous people who adopted Han culture and government management; Sheng-fan (生番) maintained traditional lifestyles with little government control.

Mudanshe Incident (牡丹社事件)

A pivotal 1874 incident involving a Japanese expedition that forced the Qing government to switch from passive to active governance in Taiwan.

Kaishan Fufan (開山撫番)

A late Qing policy initiated by Shen Baozhen (沈葆楨) to open mountain roads, establish administration, and secure sovereignty over indigenous areas.

Liu Mingchuan's Modernization (劉銘傳近代化建設)

Late Qing reforms that introduced the railway, telegraph, postal service, and administrative changes to modernize Taiwan.

Five-Year Plan to Manage Savages (五年理蕃計畫)

A Japanese colonial policy aimed at bringing indigenous people under direct control through military, police, and administrative force.

Police Station (警察駐在所)

Facilities established by the Japanese throughout mountain areas to monitor indigenous life and reduce opportunities for resistance.

Group Relocation Policy (集團移住政策)

A Japanese strategy to reorganize indigenous settlements to facilitate government management and weaken tribal autonomy.

Wushe Incident (霧社事件)

A major 1930 armed uprising by the Seediq (賽德克族) against high-pressure Japanese rule and cultural oppression.

Kominka Movement (皇民化運動)

A Japanese policy to build national identity through name changes, Shinto shrines, Japanese language education, and loyalty to the Emperor.

Mountain Area Construction Policy (山地建設政策)

A post-war ROC policy focused on improving infrastructure, healthcare, education, and living standards in indigenous regions.

Name Restoration Movement (正名運動)

A modern movement seeking official recognition and respect for indigenous names, cultures, and identities, moving away from past assimilation policies.

Multiculturalism (多元文化)

The modern policy direction of the ROC government characterized by respecting ethnic differences, cultural preservation, and the protection of indigenous rights.