BRRT500 Pt 2.

AP AXR - CP

Midline at the level of the iliac crest (level of umbilicus)

AP AXR - Angulation

Foreshortening of iliac bone. IVD space open surrounding L4.

AP AXR - Rotation

Equal width of iliac bones. Spinous processes central. Obturator foramen symmetrical.

AP AXR - Exposure

73/32

Obl. Ribs - Exposure (Upper)

66/8

Obl. Ribs - Exposure (Lower)

70/15

Lat. Sternum - Exposure

77/40

AP Shoulder - CP

2.5cm inferior and medial to coracoid process

AP Glenoid - CP (Grasheys)

Gleno-humeral joint

Tips - CP

Humeral head

Lat. Scapula - CP

Medial border of scapula

Outlet - CP

Superior border of humeral head

Axial Shoulder - CP

Humeral headA

Axial Shoulder - Focal spot

Fine focus

AP Humerus - CP

Midpoint of humeral shaft

Lat. Humerus - CP

Midpoint of humerus

PA/AP Clavicle - CP

Mid-clavicle

Axial Clavicle - CP

Mid-clavicle

AC Joint - CP

AC joint

AP Shoulder - Angulation

No foreshortening of scapula. Medial end of clavicle projected over 3rd - 4th posterior ribs.

AP Shoulder - Rotation

Greater tubercle in profile. 1/3 of humeral head overlaps the glenoid. Scapula is not shortened laterally.

Axial Shoulder - Angulation

(CR and detector tilted 5-15 degrees to open joint space) No foreshortening of humerus.

Axial Shoulder - Rotation

Lesser tubercle visualised anteriorly.

Lat. Scapula - Angulation

No foreshortening of scapula. Humerus and scapula should be aligned.

Lat. Scapula - Rotation

Scapula should form a Y shape, with lateral and medial borders superimposed. Humerus and scapula should be aligned.

AP/Lat. Humerus - Exposure

63/6

AP/PA Shoulder - Exposure

60/4

AP/PA Shoulder - Exposure (AEC)

66/10

Tips Shoulder - Exposure

66/12.5

Axial Shoulder - Exposure

63/8

Lat. Scapular - Exposure

77/16

AC Joints - Exposure

66/8

Axial Clavicle - Exposure

57/4

AP C-Spine - CP

Midline at the level of C4 over the hyoid bone

AP C-Spine - CR

15 degrees cranial.

Odontoid - CP

Body of C2, through centre of mouth.

Lat. C-Spine - Focal Spot

Broad focus

Lat C-Spine - CP

C4, at level of thyroid cartilage

Lat. C-Spine - SID

180cm

Swimmers - Focal Spot

Broad Focus

Swimmers - CP

Midline at level of C7/T1

Obl. C-Spine - Focal spot

Broad focus

Obl. C-Spine - CR

15 degrees caudal

Obl. C-Spine - CP

Midline at level of C4

Flex/Ext. - SID

180cm

Flex/Ext. - CP

C4, level of thyroid cartilage

AP C-Spine - Angulation

15 degree cranial to match natural curve of spine, open IVD spaces.

AP C-Spine - Rotation

Spinous processes midline, transverse processes symmetrical around vertebral bodies.

Odontoid - Angulation

Atlantoaxial joint space should appear open, occiput and upper incisors are superimposed.

Odontoid - Rotation

Odontoid peg and spinous process of C2 in the midline, symmetry with centre equidistant from the lateral masses.

Odontoid - Long axis

Long axis of detector aligned with short axis of anatomy or long axis of patient aligned with horizontal axis of detector.

Lat. C-Spine - Angulation

Joint spaces appear open in whole length of c-spine. Look for cupping of vertebral bodies.

Lat. C-Spine - Rotation

Vertebral bodies in profile, facet joints are superimposed, spinous processes free from foreshortening. Look for double bordering at back of vertebral bodies.

Lat. C-Spine - Long Axis

Long axis of patient may be diagonal to long axis of detector.

Lat. C-Spine - Pathology (Lines)

Anterior vertebral, posterior vertebral, spinolaminar, spinous process (begins at C2).

AP/Odontoid C-Spine - Exposure

70/8

Lat. C-Spine - Exposure

77/15

Swimmers - Exposure

90/40