Adult ECHO review points exam 1

left anterior descending artery is also known as

widow maker

The more blood that enters the ventricle during diastole, the greater the force of contraction required to eject the blood. This is known as.....

Frank-Starling law (length-tension)

Which of the following separates the descending aorta from the abdominal aorta?

Diaphragm

Which is not one of the aortic valve cusps?

Anterior coronary cusp

the left heart is also known as the

systemic circulatory system

What view is the best and ONLY view to visualize the posterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve?

PLAX inferior tilt (RVIT)

Cardiac output equals

HR x SV

T or F: The purpose of the left atrial appendage is to hold thrombus and cause strokes when necessary

false

The coronary arteries originate from the

sinuses of valsalva

Between what layers does a pericardial effusion form

visceral and parietal layer of the pericardium

Which layer is not part of the pericardium?

myocardium

The T wave on EKG represents

electrical ventricular diastole

T or F: the SA node is located in the right atrium

true

The terminal branches of the conduction pathway are known as the

Purkinje fibers

Increased resistance that the heart must pump against caused from things like Aortic stenosis also cause an increase in

afterload

The volume of blood in the heart at end-diastole is known as

preload

During this phase of the cardiac cycle, the AV valves are open and blood is filling the ventricles

diastole

The degree of fiber stretch due to the quantity of blood in the chamber prior contraction is known as

left ventricular end diastolic pressure (preload)

The left coronary artery bifurcates distally into the

left anterior descending and circumflex artery

The right heart is associated with the

pulmonic circulatory system

what node is the primary pacemaker of the heart

SA node

The semilunar valves open at the end of

systole

All four valves are closed and ventricular pressure is decreasing. This phase of the cardiac cycle is known as

isovolumic relaxation

The electrical impulse generated at the SA node can only travel from the atria to the ventricles by way of the

AV node

The electrical P wave on EKG represents

atrial systole

The first stage of systole is

isovolumic relaxation

Ventricular depolarization results in the ...........................on the EKG tracing

QRS complex

Opening and closing of the cardiac valves is accomplished by

intracardiac pressure changes

How many papillary muscles are located in the LV?

2

The left atrium receives blood from what vessel and how many are there?

pulmonary veins, 4

The volume of blood in the heart at end-diastole is known as

preload

rate of contraction

chronotropic force

what system decides chronotropic force

autonomic nervous system

how does the sympathetic nervous system affect the heart rate

increases

how does the parasympathetic nervous system affect the heart rate

decreases

preload is directly related to the

stroke volume

the stretch that the blood places on the walls of the ventricles at the end diastolic volume

preload

the resistance the blood experiences as it exits the ventricle

afterload

afterload is inversely related to the

stroke volume

where is the AV node located

floor of the right atrium

what is the rate of the AV node

40-60 bpm

what is the rate of the Purkinje fibers

20-40 bpm

what is the rate of the SA node

60-100 bpm

what are the two phases of the Valsalva maneuver

strain and release

what phase of Valsalva decreases venous return

strain

what phase of valsalva increases the stroke volume, cardiac output, and murmurs

release

what does amyl nitrate do to vessels

dilates them

what is the most common cause of an increased preload

valve regurgitation

what is the typical amount of cardiac output

4-8 L/min

what is the typical value amount of stroke volume

70-100 ml

what is the typical heart rate

60-100 bpm