AP HuG - Unit 1 Vocab

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61 Terms

1

Fieldwork

The process of collecting data and information through direct observation and interaction in a specific location.

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2

Accessibility

The ease of reaching a destination or the degree to which a location can be accessed.

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3

Political Ecology

an area of inquiry concerned with the environmental consequences of dominant political economic arrangements and understandings

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4

Terra Incognita

unknown lands that are off limits

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5

Human Geography

a branch of geography that focuses on the study of patterns and processes that shape human interaction with the built environment, with particular reference to the causes and consequences of the spatial distribution of human activity on the Earth's surface

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6

Relocation Diffusion

Involves the actual movement of individuals who have already adopted the idea or innovation, and who carry it to a new, perhaps distant, locale, where they proceed to disseminate it

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7

Epidemic

A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time

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8

Spatial Distribution

refers to how resources, activities, and human demographic features of landscapes are arranged across the earth

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9

Globalization

a set of processes that are increasing interactions, deepening relationships, and accelerating interdependence across national borders

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10

Cultural Landscape

The visible imprint of human activity on the landscape

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11

Sequent Occupance

refers to sequential imprints of occupants, whose impacts are layered one on top of the other, each layer having some impacts on the next

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12

Global Positioning System

A satellite-based navigation system that allows us to locate things on the surface of Earth with extraordinary accuracy

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13

Movement

refers to the mobility of people, goods, and ideas across the surface of the planet

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14

Spatial Perspective

a way of identifying, explaining, and predicting the human and physical patterns and the connections of various locations

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15

Pattern

the arrangement of objects on Earth's surface in relation to other objects

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16

Expansion Diffusion

The spread of a cultural trait or innovation through a population in an area, resulting in an increase in the number of adopters.

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17

Cultural Trait

A single element of a culture, such as a belief, practice, or object.

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18

Physical Geography

studies the natural features of earth, as well as earth's natural processes

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19

Distance

The amount of space between two points, often measured in units such as miles or kilometers

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20

Human-Environment

The interaction and relationship between human beings and their physical environment

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21

Relative Location

describes the location of a place in relation to other human and physical features

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22

Medical Geography

Mapping the distribution of a disease (the first step to finding its cause)

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23

Geocaching

An outdoor recreational activity in which participants use GPS to hide and seek containers, called "geocaches."

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24

Reference Maps

show locations of places as well as human and natural geographic features

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25

Cultural Hearth

an area where cultural traits develop and from which cultural traits diffuse

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26

Spatial Interaction

the flow of information, products, and human beings from one location to another

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27

Functional Region

a region with a particular set of activities or interactions that occur within it

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28

Rescale

The process of changing the scale at which a phenomenon is analyzed or understood.

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29

Formal Region

A region defined by a shared cultural or physical trait, such as language, culture, or physical features.

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30

Contagious Diffusion

a form of expansion diffusion in which nearly all adjacent individuals and places are affected

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31

Activity Space

those places we travel to routinely in our rounds of daily activity

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32

Pandemic

worldwide outbreaks

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33

Cultural Complex

more than one culture may exhibit a particular culture trait, but each consists of a discrete combination of traits

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34

Cartography

The art and science of map-making.

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35

Place

A specific point on Earth distinguished by particular characteristics

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36

Landscape

The visible features of an area of land, including physical and human-made elements.

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37

Mental Map

maps in our minds of places we have been and places we have merely heard of

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38

Sense of Place

The emotional and cultural significance that a location holds for individuals or groups

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39

Hierarchical Diffusion

a pattern in which the main channel of diffusion is some segment of those who are susceptible to what is being diffused

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40

Culture

an all-encompassing term that identifies not only the whole tangible lifestyle of peoples but also their prevailing values and beliefs

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41

Cultural Diffusion

The process by which cultural traits and innovations spread from one culture to another

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42

Connectivity

The degree to which different locations are linked or connected to one another

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43

Absolute Location

The precise location of a place using a coordinate system, such as latitude and longitude

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44

Five Themes

A framework for understanding geography, including location, place, human-environment interaction, movement, and region.

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45

Possibilism

the doctrine that the choices that a society makes depend on what its members need and on what technology is available to them

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46

Environmental Determinism

belief that human behavior, individually and collectively, is strongly affected by, even controlled or determined by the physical environment

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47

Cultural Ecology

an area of inquiry concerned with culture as a system of adaptation to and alteration of environment

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48

Perceptual Region

intellectual constructs designed to help us understand the nature and distribution of phenomena in human geography

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49

Independent Invention

When a cultural trait develops in more than one hearth without being influenced by its development elsewhere

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50

Stimulus Diffusion

Not all ideas can be readily and directly adopted by a receiving population; yet, these ideas can still have an impact

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51

Region

an area that shares similar characteristics

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52

Cultural Barrier

Prevailing cultural attitude rendering certain innovations, ideas or practices unacceptable or unadoptable in that particular culture

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53

Location Theory

theory concerned with the geographic location of economic activity

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54

Diffusion

the spread of an idea or characteristic over time

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55

Thematic Maps

tell stories showing the degree of some attribute or the movement of a geographic phenomenon

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56

Spatial

How something is laid out; space on Earth's surface

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57

Location

the position of something on the earth's surface

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58

Perception of Place

Belief or understanding about a place developed through books, movies, stories or pictures

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59

Remote Sensing

the process of taking pictures of the Earth's surface from satellites to provide a greater understanding of the Earth's geography over large distances

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60

Geographic Information System (GIS)

compare spatial data by creating digitized representations of the environment, combining layers of spatial data and creating maps in which patterns and processes are superimposed

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61

Time- Distance Decay

the declining degree of acceptance of an idea or innovation with increasing time and distance from its point of origin

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