Bio DNA Structure

Where are genes located

DNA

What are genes two main functions

Codes for proteins that determine characteristics, allows to pass characteristics to offspring

Who published theory of evolution via natural selection without knowledge of DNA

Charles Darwin

Who did work on inheritance in pew plants without knowing what specific molecule passed traits from generation to generation

Gregor Mendel

American biologist

James Watson

British biologist

Francis Crick

What did Watson and Crick publish in 1953

Model of the structure of DNA

What did Watson and Crick propose about DNA

It was made of two strands wound around each other

What are two stands of DNA that wound around one another called

Double helix

What are DNA’s 4 nitrogenous bases

Guanine, cytosine, adenine, thymine

What does guanine bond with

Cytosine

What does adenine bond with

Thymine

Who’s work did Watson and Crick use to develop their model

Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins

What did Franklin and Wilkins use to produce images of DNA crystals

X-ray crystallography

Who showed the images of the DNA crystals to Watson without Franklins permission

Maurice Wilkins

Who received the Nobel Prize in 1962 for their work on DNA

Watson, Crick, Wilkins

What did Franklin die from

Ovarian cancer

Where is DNA located in cells

Nucleus

When is DNA wound around histone proteins into chromatin

During interphase

What is DNA wound around

Histone proteins

What is DNA wound around histone proteins into a long, coiled molecule known as

Chromatin

When does DNA in chromatin condense to form chromosomes

During mitosis

What does DNA in chromatin condense to form

Chromosomes

DNA belongs to a class of macromolecules known as..?

Nucleic acids

What are the 2 primary types of nucleic acids

DNA and RNA

What does DNA stand for

Deoxyribonucleic acid

What does RNA stand for

Ribonucleic acid

What are individual structural units of DNA called

Nucleotides

What are the 3 major parts of nucleotides

Penrose sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base

OP

Phosphate group

Pentagon with OH

Pentose sugar

NH

Adenine

CHON

Thymine

What do dotted lines represent

Hydrogen bonds

What do solid lines represent

Covalent bonds

Which are pyrimidines

Cytosine, thymine, and uracil

Pyrimidines have…

Single ring bases, only a single six member ring

Which are purines

Adenine and guanine

Purines have…

Double ring bases, one six member ring, one five member

What joins nucleotides together in sequence

Covalent bonds

Where are the nucleotides joined together

Between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the sugar of the next nucleotide in sequence

What are the strands of DNA united by

Hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases

The sequence of nucleotides in DNA is…

Limitless

What type of sugar is DNA

Deoxyribose

What type of sugar is RNA

Ribose

Where is RNA located in the cell

Nucleus and cytoplasm

What is DNA’s primary function

Cookbook for all proteins

What is RNA’s primary function

Carrying individual protein recipes to ribosomes, structure of ribosomes, carries amino acids to ribosomes

DNA nitrogenous bases

GCAT

RNA nitrogenous bases

GUAC

How many strands does DNA have

Two

How many strands does RNA have

One

What are the types of RNA

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA