Chem ch 8/9

What is the Core of an atom?

Set of é with the configuration of the nearest noble gas (eg Ar, Ne..) having an atomic # less than that of the atom being considered

What is an energy level

The specific amount of energy which an é in an atom can posses

What are isotopes

Atomic species having the same atomic # but different mass #

Democritus

Greek philosopher who believed that atoms are indivisible, first to come up with the idea of atoms

John Dalton

Developed atomic theory in 1800s

JJ Thomson

Discovered small é and developed crookes tube, cathode ray, and Plum pudding model

Sir Ernest Rutherford

Discovered the nucleus with his scattering experiment

Niels Bohr 1914

Came up with the idea of energy levels or shells. Helped explain Hydrogen Spectrum

Valence electrons

É that can take part in chem reaction

Mandeleev 1869

Published the first widely accepted Periodic table of Elements

Electronegtivity

The ability of an atom to attract é from another atom

Dipole

Partial separation of charge. Slighty postive/slightly negative charge. ɗ+/ɗ-.

Polarization

The process of repelling the é on a nearby atom which results in a temporary dipole

London forces

Weak attractive forces which is the result of temporarily dipolar attractions between neighboring atoms. Atoms may exist individually or as parts of molecules

Intramolecular

Strong forces between different molecules

Intermolecular

Weak forces known as Wan Der walls forces

Orbitals

Areas within atoms where there is a high probability (90%) of finding é

What orbital shape this is

S orbital

What orbital shape are these from left to right

Px, Py, Pz

What orbital are these

D orbitals

Whats the maximum electron each orbital can hold?

2 electrons

What does isoelectron mean?

Same electron configuration but different atom (nuclei)

Electron configuration

A description of which orbitals in an atom contains electrons and how many electrons are in each orbital

Valence of an atom is the # unpaired é and sometimes called

Combining capacity

Dipole-Dipole

Bonding forces which exist as a result of an electro static attraction between molecules having permanent dipoles

What are the two main types of Van der waals forces

London forces and dipole-dipole

What is hydrogen bonding

A weak attraction (strong dipole-dipole attraction) where a Hydrogen atom is covalently bonded to one of N, O or F (each of which is highly electronegative)

Ions

Atoms with a charge - a full outer orbitals