Power: monarchy and democracy in Britain c. 1000 — 2014 

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78 Terms

1
William of Normandy
Claimed Edward the Confessor promised him the throne in 1051. Had strong military and papal support.
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2
Harold Godwinson
Appointed by the Witenagemot and crowned king after Edward's death. Had significant support from Anglo-Saxon nobility.
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3
Harald Hardrada
Viking king with a claim through King Cnut
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4
Edgar the Ætheling
Closest blood relative to Edward but was a teenager with no military backing.
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5
Norman Invasion
William's claim to the throne
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6
Battle of Stamford Bridge
Harold Godwinson defeated Harald Hardrada.
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7
Battle of Hastings
William defeated Harold Godwinson
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8
Centralization of Power
William distributed lands to loyal Norman lords
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9
Feudal System
Land held from the king in exchange for military service.
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10
Harrying of the North
Brutal campaign to quash rebellion and establish control. Led to widespread destruction
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11
Domesday Book
Comprehensive survey of England's land and resources
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12
King's Power (1087)
William I held centralized power
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13
Role of the Barons
Held lands directly from the king and had substantial local power.
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14
John
Youngest son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine
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15
Taxation and Finances (John)
Imposed heavy taxes and fines to fund wars in France.
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16
Justice System (John)
Used the legal system to his advantage
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17
Royal Authority (John)
Exercised arbitrary power
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18
Baronial Discontent
High taxes
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19
Magna Carta
Charter signed by King John in 1215
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20
Simon de Montfort
Leader of the baronial opposition
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21
Model Parliament
Parliament called by Edward I in 1295
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22
Richard II
Assumed full control of the government in 1389
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23
Henry Bolingbroke
Son of John of Gaunt
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24
Wars of the Roses
Conflict between the Lancastrian and Yorkist houses for the English throne.
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25
Henry VIII
Powerful monarch who increased the power of the monarchy through control of the Church and centralization of administration.
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26
Thomas Cromwell
Henry VIII's chief minister
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27
Privy Council
Henry VIII's main advisory body.
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28
Act of Supremacy (1534)
Established the monarch as the Supreme Head of the Church of England.
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29
Charles I
Dissolved Parliament in 1629 and ruled without it for eleven years
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30
Oliver Cromwell
Leader of the Parliamentarians
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31
Restoration of the Monarchy
Return of Charles II to the throne in 1660.
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32
James II
Sought to restore and expand royal prerogative
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33
Bill of Rights (1689)
Established parliamentary sovereignty and limited the powers of the monarchy.
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34
Act of Settlement (1701)
Secured Protestant succession to the throne by stipulating that only Protestant descendants of James VI and I could inherit the crown.
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35
Act of Union (1707)
Unified England and Scotland into a single kingdom
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36
Tories and Whigs
Two main political parties in the 1700s with different political stances.
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37
Limited Monarchy
Monarchs in the 1700s had limited power due to constitutional and parliamentary developments.
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38
Rotten Boroughs
Constituencies with very few voters but still sending representatives to Parliament.
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39
Pocket Boroughs
Constituencies controlled by a single individual or family.
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40
Reform Act of 1832
Extended the franchise to more men and redistributed parliamentary seats.
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41
Reform Act of 1867
Further extended the franchise to working-class men.
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42
Reform Act of 1884
Extended the franchise to rural workers.
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43
Mass Trade Unions
Organizations of workers aiming to improve working conditions and wages.
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44
Labour Party
Political party representing the interests of the working class.
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45

"Suffrage Movement"

"The primary aim was to secure the right to vote for women

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46

"National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies (NUWSS)"

"A group that used peaceful methods like petitions

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47

"Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU)"

"Led by Emmeline Pankhurst

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48

"DORA (Defense of the Realm Act)"

"Introduced in World War I

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49

"Representation of the People Act 1918"

"Legislation that granted the right to vote to women over the age of 30 who met property qualifications."

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50

"Impact of World War I on Suffrage"

"Women’s contributions to the war effort

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51

"British Union of Fascists (BUF)"

"Led by Oswald Mosley

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52

"Public Order Act 1936"

"Legislation that restricted political demonstrations and banned the wearing of uniforms at political rallies

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53

"Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND)"

"An organization advocating for the removal of nuclear weapons and global disarmament through protests and political advocacy."

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54

"Greenpeace"

"Focused on environmental protection and anti-nuclear testing

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55

"Beveridge Report 1942"

"Outlined a vision for a comprehensive welfare state

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56

"National Health Service (NHS)"

"Established in 1948 to provide universal healthcare as part of the post-war welfare state reforms."

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57

"Keynesian Economics"

"Economic policies focused on managing economic cycles through state intervention

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58

"Miners’ Strike 1984-1985"

"Economic policies focused on managing economic cycles through state intervention

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59

"Miners’ Strike 1984-1985"

"Led by the NUM

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60

"Trade Unions' Post-War Influence"

"Trade unions became powerful in advocating for workers' rights and shaping labor policies through strikes and political pressure."

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61

"Scotland Act 1998"

"Established the Scottish Parliament with powers over areas like education and health

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62

"Government of Wales Act 1998"

"Created the Welsh Assembly with powers over health

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63

"Northern Ireland Act 1998"

"Established the Northern Ireland Assembly under the Good Friday Agreement

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64

"Conservative-Liberal Democrat Coalition (2010-2015)"

"A coalition formed after the 2010 General Election

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65

"Internal Conflicts in Coalition Government"

"Conflicts between Conservative and Liberal Democrat parties affecting the stability and policy-making of the coalition government."

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66

"End of Coalition Government"

"Occurred with the 2015 General Election

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67

"Peaceful Campaigning by Suffragists"

"Included methods like petitions

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68

"Militant Tactics of Suffragettes"

"Involved protests

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69

"Impact of Women’s Wartime Contributions"

"Highlighted the capability and reliability of women

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70

"Public and Political Support for Women’s Vote"

"Growing support for women’s suffrage reflected in political circles

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71

"Initial Government Response to Suffrage Movement"

"Involved repression and legal measures to curb militant activities of the suffragettes."

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72

"Changing Attitudes Post-War"

"The war effort and women's roles led to a re-evaluation of women’s political rights and the extension of voting rights."

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73

"Defeat of the Miners’ Strike"

"Resulted in the closure of many pits and a reduction in the power of the coal industry and trade unions."

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74

"Influence of CND on Disarmament"

"Contributed to public awareness and policy discussions on nuclear disarmament

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75

"Greenpeace’s Environmental Impact"

"Advanced environmental awareness and legislation through direct action and global campaigns."

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76

"Further Devolution in Scotland"

"Included increased powers for the Scottish Parliament

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77

"Further Devolution in Wales"

"The Welsh Assembly gained primary legislative powers and greater authority over policy areas with the Government of Wales Acts."

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78

"Power-Sharing in Northern Ireland"

"Designed to ensure representation and reduce conflict under the Good Friday Agreement with the establishment of the Northern Ireland Assembly."

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