Inheritance and variation traits 🧬🔬🧫

Genes

Specific portions of DNA molecules packed and organized to chromosomes

Traits

Passed from parents to offspring

Chromesome

Carriers of genes ; the unit determiners of hereditary characteristics

Histones

Structural proteins; shaped like a ball while the DNA is coiled around it

DNA molecule

Long coiled structure carrying the genetic instructions how living things would grow

Chrome

Means color and some

prokaryotic cell

No nucleus; DNA is in nucleoid

Eukaryotic cell

With nucleus

Chromatin

Single linear strands of chromosomes that are condensed in nucleus; a mix of DNA and proteins

Sister chromatids

Double stranded chromosomes

Illustration of chromosome

Centromere

Pinched area of pair of chromatids

P arm

Short arm of chromosome

Q arm

Long arm of chromosome

Metacentric

Center centromere

Submetacentric.

Slightly off-center

Acrocentric

Significantly off-center centromere

Telocentric

Centromere is at end of chromosome

Somatic cell

Characteristic number of chromosome.

Diploid

2 chromosomes with same location of chromosome

Haploid cell

One type of cell with different centomere location

Gametes

Contains haploid cells of sperm and egg cell

Mutation

May cause damage to DNA

Inviability

Incapable of living, especially to the deltirious genetic construction

Polyploidy

Possesing more than 2 complete sets of homologous chromosome

Homologous chromosome

Contains same genes in the arms of the chromosomes

Cytogenetic

Studies of the genes

Autosomal chromesome

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Sexual characteristics

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