Kinesiology Chapter 1

The study of movement (movement science)

Kinesiology

The forces that cause movement

Kinetics

the time, space, and mass aspects within the moving system

Kinematics

An arbitrary starting point from which movement or location of structures can be referenced and described

anatomical position

a location of position toward the midline of the body

medial

a location of position away from the midline

lateral

the front of the body or a position closer to the front (the sternum is ___ to the heart)

anterior/ventral

the back of the body or a position more toward the back (the vertebral column is ____ to the heart)

posterior/dorsal

away from the trunk

distal

toward the trunk

proximal

above

superior

below

inferior

toward or closer to the head

cranial

toward or closer to the feet

caudal

superficial

toward the surface of the body

toward the center of the body

deep

a person lying horizontally with anterior surfaces pointing upward

Supine

a person lying horizontally with anterior surfaces point downward

prone

both sides

bilateral

same side

Ipsilateral

opposite sides

contralateral

the area between the shoulder and the elbow

arm

the area between the elbow and the wrist/carpals

forearm

the area distal to wrist/carples

hand

the area between the hip and knee

thigh

the area between the knee and ankle

leg

the area distal to the ankle

foot

thoracic area/upper trunk (chest, ribs, throacic vertebrae, sternum)

thorax

lower trunk/area of trunk inferior to thorax (pelvis, stomach)

abdomen

cervical vertebrae and related anatomic structures

neck

aka trasnlatory motion- straight line from one location to another

linear motion

aka rotary motion -- all parts of the object move through the same angle, in the same direction and at the same time, but they DO NOT move the same distance

angular motion

movement in a curved path that is not circular (skier on slope, diver on diving board)

Curvilinear motion

Joint movements (gross) around joint axis and through joint planes (eg: flexion, extension, abduction)

Osteokinematics

Joint surface movements (roll, spin, glide)

Arthrokinematics

bending of ones bones ventral surface TOWARD another bones ventral surface around the joints axis

Flexion

Straightening movement, where ventral surface of ones bone is moving AWAY from the ventral surface of another bone around the joint axis

Extension

a continuation of extension, beyond the anatomical position

hyperextension

Movement AWAY from the midline of the body

Abduction

Movement TOWARD the midline of the body

Adduction

occurs at 90 degrees of shoulder flexion or abduction (does not occur in anatomical position), when the upper extremity moves backward

Horizontal abduction

occurs at 90 degrees of shoulder flexion or abduction (does not occur in anatomical position), when the upper extremity moves forward

Horizontal adduction

When the hand moves laterally, toward the 1st digit (thumb side)

radial deviation

When the hand moves medially toward the 5th digit

ulnar deviation

sideways movement of the neck and/or trunk, away from the midline

Lateral flexion

circular, cone shaped movement combining flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction

circumduction

When the anterior surface of a joint moved toward midline

Internal/medial rotation

When the anterior surface of a joint moved away from midline

external/lateral rotation

rotation of the forearm toward the palm facing forward or upward

supination

rotation of the forearm toward the palm facing backward or downward

pronation