world history exam study guide

on what continent did the black death start

asia

what did many Europeans believe about why the black death started in the first place

it was a punishment from God for the sins of humanity

in what city and country did the black death arrive

messina, sicily

whose actions were primarily responsible for the spread of the black death

merchants

in what century did the black death hit europe

14th century

many historians believe that the black death had which positive effect(s)

brought us into the modern age

what is feudalism

a loosely organized system of government in which local lords govern their own lands but owe military service and other support to a greater lord

what was one of the primary reasons of the spread of the black death

an increase in trade

what kind of disease was the black death

bacterial

what were three negative results of the black death

population decline, economic instability, homelessness, rise of a price of goods

how was the technique of perspective most useful

realism and 3-d art

of what was the Renaissance a rebirth

art and learning

how did a patron influence the renaissance

they gave money to support the arts

whom did the people in the renaissance look for inspiration

ancient Greeks and romans

what does the term Renaissance mean

rebirth

what were some major themes of the prince

the ends justify the means

who was known as the German Leonardo da vinci

albrecht durer

what is the main cause of the northern renaissance

the invention of the printing press

what does the word utopia mean

no place, no where

in what ways did leonardo da Vinci represent the idea of a Renaissance man

he was a painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist

how did Shakespeare work represent common themes of the renaissance

he used classical figures and subjects to explore universal human themes

give 3 characteristics of protestantism that made it distinct from catholicism

faith alone, bible is printed in vernacular, no papal (pope) authority, priests can marry

how does calvinism different from lutheranism

calvin has the idea of predestination

what is a throcracy

a government led by religious leaders

after 1600 which region of Europe was the most religiously divided

the holy roman empire (central Europe)

who is most responsible for bringing religious stability to England after the turmoil caused by henry viii’s break with the church

queen Elizabeth I

what are some luthers criticisms if the church

sale of indulgences, rejection of papal authority, churches should be simple and plain

what is the result of the splitting of the church into new religions for europe

religious conflicts spread across Europe bringing an era of change and upheaval

how did the Catholic church respond to the protestant reformation

the counter-reformation and the church enacted its own reforms trying to end corruption with a renewed emphasis on morality and discipline

what is significant about copernicus

he said the sun was the center of the universe (heliocentric)

on what idea was the scientific method based

scientific laws govern nature

what are some of the accomplishments of newton

gravity, laws of motion, calculus

how did the church respond to galileo

they strongly apposed him putting him under house arrest

what movement sparked the scientific revolution

the renaissance

describe Portuguese exploration in asia

portuguese found a trading route through the Indian ocean to asia

what is significant about da game’s route

went around the cape of good hope and sailed to the west coast of india

what happened during magellan’s expedition around the world

magellan’s expedition (circumnavigate) made it home but he himself got killed in the philippines

what was significant about prince henry

he sponsored voyages of explorations for the portuguese, he also established a school of navigation

why was the island of goa important to the portuguese

Portuguese seized the island of goa making it a major military and commercial base

describe some of the achievements of the ming dynasty

metal working, publication of books, and porcelain

which non Chinese people helped establish the Qing dynasty

the manchus

which two groups invaded korea

japan and the chinese

what was the relationship like between Tainos and columbus

columbus men assaulted tiano men and women and claimed their land for spain

what was the relationship like between Cortes and the aztecs

the spanish scorn aztech religion and sought to convert them to Christianity

how were the Aztecs and the incas affected by the Spanish conquistadors and European colonization

the conquistadors destroyed the empires and then the Europeans built new settlements

how did Spain regulate trade with its colonies

colonists could only export raw materials to spain