Africana Studies Final Exam

Melville Herskovits

Melville Herskovits

coined the term Africanism. He was an American anthropologist who helped establish African and African-American studies in American academia

Africanisms

characteristics of African culture and people that can be traced through societal practices and institutions of the African diaspora

Pinkster Festival

is an African American festival celebration with roots in African and European traditions.

Chattel Slavery

an enslaved person who is owned for ever and whose children and children's children are automatically enslaved and is considered personal property

Middle Passage

Was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of Africans were shipped to the New World as part of the Atlantic slave trade. Avg Travel time 3 weeks - 3 months through the Atlantic ocean

Tight Packing

captains believed that more enslaved Africans, despite higher casualties, would yield a greater profit at the trading block.

Loose Packing

Provided for fewer Africans per ship in the hopes that a greater percentage of the cargo would arrive alive.

El Mina

The largest dungeon of west africa located in Ghana meaning The mine

The house of slaves

Has the door of no return is a museum and memorial to the atlantic slave trade on Goree Island

Drapetomania

Was a supposed mental illness described by American physician Samuel A. Cartwright in 1851 that caused black slaves to flee captivity.

Dysaethesia Aethiopica

Caused slaves to break tools and act rebellious

Palmares

A fugitive community (Kilombo/Qulombo) of escaped slaves and that developed from 1605 until its suppression in 1694. Population in the 1690s at 34,000 inhabitants

Candomblé

Is an African religious tradition, practiced mainly in brazil by the "povo de santa"originated in Salvador, Bahia at the beginning of the 19th century

Stono Rebellion (1739)

September 9, 1739. 150 black slaves from South Carolina marched down the road "Liberty!" & marched toward Spanish Florida. Led by Jemmy who was a literal slave

maroon

A slave who ran away from his or her master. Often a member of a community of runaway slaves in the West Indies and South America.

Haitian Revolution

Was the largest most successful revolution in the western hemisphere, which lead to the independence of Haiti (1791-1803)

Gabriel Prosser

Organized 1,000 enslaved africans to resist, was a literate enslaved blacksmith who planned a large slave rebellion in the Richmond area in the summer of 1800

Denmark Vesey

was a literate, skilled carpenter and leader among African Americans in Charleston, South Carolina.He was accused and convicted ot being an the ringleader of "the rising" a major potential slave revolt planed for the city in June 1822. Also purchased his freedom with $609 he won in a lottery.

David Walker (1829)

Was an abolitionist, writer and slavery activist. though his father was a slave, his mother was free so therefore he was free.

Singbe Pieh

Also known as Singbe Ping was a west african man of the mende People who led the revolt on african and spanish slaves

Dred Scott Decision (1857)

A Missouri slave sued for his freedom, claiming that his four year stay in the northern portion of the Louisiana Territory made free land by the Missouri Compromise had made him a free man. The U.S, Supreme Court decided he couldn't sue in federal court because he was property, not a citizen.

Santeria

is an African-American religion of Caribbean origin that developed in the Spanish Empire (Cuba, Puerto Rico) among West African descendants. The Spanish word that means the "worship of saints".

Seasoning Process

Is a condition process that helps their future life as slaves

Nat Turner

was a black preacher who led a two-day rebellion of slaves to free slaves in Virginia

Rosetta Stone

Rosetta Stone is a granite slab discovered in 1799, in Egypt in 196 BC. It was key to deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphs.

Cheikh Anta Diop

a Senegalese historian, anthropologist, physicist, and politician who is known for his work on African history and pre-colonial cultures.

13th Amendment

AN Amendment to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.

14th Amendment

An Amendment to the United States Constitution grants citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S., including former slaves, and guarantees equal protection under the law.

15th Amendment

An Amendment to the United States Constitution granted African American men the right to vote by declaring that the "right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude."

Kangaba, Niani

Capital o

nubia

an ancient region in northeastern Africa along the Nile River, encompassing parts of present-day Sudan and southern Egypt. It was known for its rich history, culture, and trade networks.

Sundiata

A historical figure and the founder of the Mali Empire in West Africa.

Soninke

An ethnic group primarily located in West Africa, particularly in Mali, Senegal, known for their involvement in the trans-Saharan trade and their language, also called Soninke.

Almoravids

A dynasty that ruled North Africa and parts of Spain in the 11th and 12th centuries. They were known for their military prowess and strict adherence to Islamic law.

Songhay

A group of people in West Africa and the historical Songhai Empire, known for its wealth and power in the 15th and 16th centuries.

Plessy v Ferguson

A landmark U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine.

Brown V Board of Education

Landmark Supreme Court case that declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional, overturning Plessy v. Ferguson.

Canadace “Kush”

Meroë (Candace)

Queen of ethopia

Kemet

Land of the blacks

Gloger Law

Warm-blooded mammals born near the equator must have pigment

Egyptology

The study of Egypt and its history

Narmer

1st Pharoah of Dynastic Egypt

Imhotep

World’s first known multi-talented genius; Physician, Healer, Philosopher, Architect, Poet.

Hatshepsut

the fifth pharaoh of the Eighteenth
Dynasty of Egypt. She was the second historically-
confirmed woman pharaoh

Assyrians

invaders that invaded Egypt in 750 BCE

Hyksos

invaded egypt in 1700 BCE

Ghana

Ancient empire in Africa Apart of the Bilad Es Sudan

Soninke

The founders of the ancient empire of Ghana.

Tenka Menin

cira. 1065 / standing army 200,000 / 100,000 on horseback.

Almoravids

Religious fanatics/ reformers - 1076, led by Abu Bekr

3 reasons for the decline of Ghana

Drought, Civil wars, And trade routes opening up elsewhere

Kangaba, Niani

Capital of Mali

Mali

Empire that lasted from 1240-1400

Mandinke

a West African ethnic group primarily found in southern Mali, the Gambia, southern Senegal and eastern Guinea.

Mansa Musa

Sponsored 60,000 on this journey; caused the Gold Market to decline for 12 years in Cairo, Egyp

Timbuktu

Ancient city in Mali home of University of Sankore

Songhay

the largest and last of the three major pre-colonial empires to emerge in West Africa.

Gullah

The Gullah or Geechee people are African American communities living in the coastal
regions of South Carolina, Georgia, and northeast Florida.