Chapter 17: Classification

Classification

The grouping of organisms based on common traits.

Taxonomy

SCIENCE OF CLASSIFICATION; IN BIOLOGY, THE PROCESS OF CLASSIFYING ORGANISMS IN CATEGORIES

Taxa

Categories used to group organisms with shared characteristics.

Carolus Linnaeus

Father of Taxonomy

Binomial Nomenclature

"Two-name naming system" Linnaeus's Classification system in which each species is assigned a two-part scientific name....Genus and species

Aristotle

Designed the first classification system which divided living things into two categories: plants and animals.

Kingdom

Broken down into 6 - 4 have a nucleus and 2 do not. Plant, animal, protist, fungi, archaebacteria, eubacteria

Eubacteria

Kingdom of common unicellular prokaryotes. Cell walls contain peptidoglycan.

Archaebacteria

Kingdom of unicellular that live in extremely harsh environments

Protista

Kingdom composed of eukaryotes that are not classified as plants, animals, or fungi

Fungi

A kingdom made up of eukaryotic organisms that cannot move, have cell walls made of chitin and get food by absorbing the nutrients

Plantae

Kingdom of multicellular photosynthetic autotrophs that have cell walls made of cellulose

Animalia

A kingdom made up multicellular organisms with no cell walls, can usually move around, and quickly respond to their environment.

Chordata

phylum with a backbone

Species

A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.

Derived Trait

Newly evolved features that don't appear in fossils of common ancestors

Ancestral Trait

A trait shared by all members of a group through a common ancestor.

Cladogram

Diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms

Dichotomous Key

A tool used to identify organisms based on a series of choices

KPCOFGS

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Domain

A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.