The Human Body, Orientation ~ Unit 1

What is Anatomy?

the study of the structure and shape of body, its parts and their relationships to another

What is physiology?

the study of how the body and its parts function

How Anatomy and Physiology work together

anatomy is the parts, physiology is how those parts work

What are the six levels of structural organization that make up the human body

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal level

Integumentary System

external covering of body and skin. Produces Vit D, regulate body temp. , locations of nerve receptors, excretes salt

Skeletal System

bones, cartilages, joints. cavities are where blood cells form, hard bones store minerals

Muscular System

produce movement when shortened

Nervous System

consist of brain, spinal cord, nerves. Respond to stimuli inside and out of body.

Endocrine System

release/control hormones into blood. help w/ growth and use of nutrients by cells

Cardiovascular System

deliver oxygen, nutrients, hormones. white blood cells protect body from bacteria, picks up waste like CO2

Lympathic/Immune System

cleanse blood and house white blood cells, return blood to stream

Respiratory System

keep body's oxygen. remove CO2, gases exchanged through lung wall

Digestive System

break down food/deliver resulting nutrients to blood for body cells

Urinary System

remove waste form body from flushing waste into urine out of the body

Reproductive System

produce offspring, F; produce egg, M: produce sperm

Organ Structure in Integumentary

skin, hair, nails

Organ Structure In Skeletal

bones, cartilage, connective tissue

Organ Structure in Muscular

Skeletal tissue, nerves, blood vessels

Organ Structure in Nervous

brain, spinal cord, nerves

Organ Structure In Cardiovascular

heart, arteries, veins

Organ Structure In Lymphatic

spleen, thymus, lymph nodes

Organ Structure In Respiratory

nose, bronchi, lungs

Organ Structure In Digestive

small/large intestines, liver, pancreas

Organ Structure In Urinary

ureters, bladder, kidneys

Organ Structure In Endocrine

pituitary, thyroid, adrenal glands

Organ Structure IN Reproductive

testes, ovaries, vagina, penis

List eight functions that humans must perform to maintain life.

Maintaining Boundaries, Movement, Responsiveness, Digestion, Metabolism, Excretion, Reproduction, Growth

List the five survival needs of the human body.

Nutrients, Oxygen, Water, Body Temp., Atmosphere Pressure

Superior

toward the head end or upper part of structure, above

Inferior

away from the head end or forward lower part of body, below

Anterior

toward, front of body

Posterior

backside of body, behind

Medial

middle of body, inner side

Lateral

away from midline of body, outer side

Intermediate

between more medial/ more lateral structures

Proximal

close to origin of body, point of attachment of limb

Distal

far from body, away from point of attachment

Superficial (External)

toward or at body surface

Deep (Internal)

away from body surface

2 Main Body Cavities

Doral and Ventral

Doral Body Cavity contains...?

Cranial/Spinal cavity

Ventral Body Cavity contains...?

Thoracic/Abdominopelvic cavity

Thoracic Cavity contains which organs?

heart, lungs, ribcage, trachea

Abdominopelvic Cavity contains which organs?

intestines, stomach, bladder, reproductive, rectum

How is the abdominopelvic cavity divided?

4 quadrants, 9 regions

What is Homeostasis?

The maintanence of stable ineral conditions

Main systems working in the Homeostasis ?

Endocrine and Nervous

Components in control mechanisms in homeostasis?

Receptors, control center, attempts to reduce original change

What is negative feedback in homeostasis?

set point that body attempts to maintain EX; blood pressure

What is positive feedback in homeostasis?

disturbance increases away form set point, adds up until something becomes to much/explodes