DA Cell Injury and Adaptation

What can cells do

Adapt and respond to stressors

When response to stress is adaptive what does this help maintain

Homeostasis

When response to stress is maladaptive what does this result in

Disruptions to function

What do cellular responses to stress include?

Changes in size, number or shape of the cell

In atrophy what do cells do?

Revert to a smaller size

Casting of a limb or paralysis may result in

Atrophy

What does strength training result in?

Hypertrophy or increased cell size

Why is enlarged muscle after strength training referred to as physiologic,omicron hyper trophy?

Because it is supported by increased blood flow (due to angiogenesis and ATP supply)

What is pathological hypertrophy?

Increase in size without an increase in supportive structures (like hypertension may cause the cells in the left ventricle to enlarge to compensate for the higher workload)

What is hyperplasia?

When cells increase in number

Hyperplasia only occurs in tissues that undergo

Mitosis

What stimulates hyperplasia?

hormonal or compensatory cellular mechanisms

In metaplasia, cells change

Type

What is dysplasia?

Deranged cell growth in which new cells have a distorted appearance compared to normal healthy cells

What is neoplasia?

A specific form of new, uncontrolled, uncoordinated, proliferation cell growth that is cancerous

Neoplasias may be

Benign or malignant

Benign neoplasias have cells that are

Well differentiated and contained within one location

Malignant neoplasias have cells that are

Poorly differentiates and have a tendency to metastasize

What are the two types of cell death?

necrosis and apoptosis

What is an example of some cells that undergo apoptosis?

Ovarian cells undergoing apoptosis during menopause