Chemistry

Ammonia

Methane

What does the A represent in periodic table?

Main group - Alkali Metal, Alkaline metals…etc

What does the B represent in periodic table?

Transition Metals

What is the sign for frequency

v

What is the sign for wavelength

what is the shortest frequency

radio waves

What is the longest frequency

Ganma Rays

What is the sign for energy of a photon

E

what does h represent

Planck Constant

Atoms with high electronegativity + bonded means…

strong and shorter bonds

Atoms with low electronegativity + bonded means…

weaker and longer bonds

More bonds mean…

stronger and shorter bonds

What is the order of highest to lowest energy from the electromagnetic spectrum

Ganma Rays - X-Rays - UV - light - Infrared - Rafio Waves

What has the shortest wavelength

Ganma Rays

what is the longest wavelength

Radio Waves

What order of color does the light spectrum follow

Purple → Red

Bonding pairs

Pairs of electrons bonding with atom

Lone Pairs

Pairs of electrons that aren’t bonded with atom

Equation for finding mol of atom or molecule in a chemical compound or equation

1 Hz = …

1s^(-1)

Solid

does not take shape of container nor fill the container but has definite shape and volume

liquid

Does take shape of container but doesn’t fill it

Doesn’t have a definite shape but does have a definite volume

gas

Does fill and take shape of container but does not have a definite shape or volume

Element

1 element or the same element bonded together

Compound

2+ different element bonded in a fixed ratio

Mixture

2+ substances mixed together but NOT bonded

Solution is a…

Homogeneous Mixture

solution

a substance that is evenly and perfectly blended

Heterogenous Mixture

a substance showing visible division

Pure Substance is…

Element and Compound

Molecule

two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds in a certain spatial arrangement. 2nd smallest unit of matter

Atom

smallest unit of matter

Columns in periodic table are

groups

rows in the periodic table is

period

How many metaloids are there + which elements are they

7 → B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po

Where are alkali metals found

Group 1

Where are the nonmetals found

Where are metals found?

Where are alkaline (earth) metals found

Group 2

Where are Pnictogens located

Group 15

Where are Chalcogens found

Group 16

Where are halogens found

Group 17

Where are Noble Gases found

Group 18

Characteristic of Nonmetals

Remain in their state of matter @ room temperature + pressure, are insulators for heat or electricity, and crack or break when deforming

Characteristic of Metals

Solid @ room temperature + pressure, only dents or flattens but doesn’t break apart, and heat/electricity flow thru them quickly.

chemical change

chemically change occurred resulting in object to look, feel, react differently

Physical change

Chemically, nothing has changed, however molecules may loosen or tighten bonds resulting in a change in matter (liquid, gas, solid)

Properties of Proton

Properties of Neutron

Properties of Electron

Atomic Number represents…

number of protons

Mass Number =

protons + neutrons

Sustainability: Environmental

pollution prevention, natural resources used

Sustainability: Social

better quality of life for all members of society

Sustainability: Economic

fair distribution and efficient allocation of resources

what is cradle-to-cradle recycling

the end of usefulness of one product is the beginning of a life cycle for another product

What are the pillars of sustainability

environmental, social, economic

where are the most supply of rare earth metals

China

Transparency

Light passes thru object

Opaque

not transparent

How can we alter the structure of gas to enhance its durability and scratch resistance?

Heat, Chemical (adding elements, plastic(for danger purposes))

Why is transparency important for electronic?

allows people to view digital content while still seeing the environment behind it

Why can things be transparent and others not?

Transparency happens when there is a large energy gaps between electron states, so visible light photons don’t get absorbed and pass through the material.

Components of Earth’s crust are...

1. Fe (5%)

2. Group 1-2 (11%)

3. other (1%)

4. Al (8%)

5. Si (28%)

6. O (47%)

How are metals and silicon separated from ore

sand must react with carbon via heat to produce silicon with atomic

What are possible alternatives for low-abundant material used in portable electronics?

Using earth-abundant materials that have similar functionalities, develop was to use less of rare earth metals or none at all

Inhale____and exhale____

air, carbon dioxide + small amounts of water

What does AIR consist of

N2, O2, Ar, CO2, other gasses, and H2O (various a lot in certain areas)

Percentage of Nitrogen in Air

78%

Percentages of Oxygen

21%

Percentage of Argon

0.9%

Percentage of Carbon Dioxide

0.04%

What are the layers of the atmosphere from Lowest → Highest altitude.

Troposphere → Ozone layer → stratosphere → Mesosphere→ thermosphere → exosphere

Harmful Pollutants in our sky include…

Carbon monoxide, O3, Sulfur Dioxide, and Nitrogen Dioxide

Healthy Polluntants in our sky include…

Carbon Dioxide,N2, O2, Ar, and H2O