Socials 10 Exam (WW1)

What event started WW1

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

What are the M.A.I.N. long term causes of WW1

M - Militarism

A - Alliances

I - Imperialism

N - Nationalism

Which countries were in the Allied Powers in WW1

UK/Great Britain, Canada, Australia, France, Belgium, Italy, Russia, USA (After 1917)

Which countries were in the Central Powers in WW1

German Empire, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria

Who shot Austrian archduke Franz Ferdinand

Gavrilo Princip, a 19 year old Serbian

Where was Franz Ferdinand shot

In Sarajevo, Bosnia, after returning from a military inspection

What was the Schlieffen Plan

A German plan from 1905 to attack France and capture Paris by going around defenses and through Belgium

Why did Canada join WW1

Because we were part of the British Empire, so when Britain went to war, we had to

What was the Ross Rifle

The rifle that was handed out to Canadian soldiers at the start of the war. It was very bad and broke down often

Who was Sam Hughes and what did he do

Hughes ran the Shell Committee (in charge of making weapons). The weapons and supplies he ordered to be made were of poor quality and didn't work

Who was Joseph Flavelle and what did he do

Flavelle was an American businessman who ran the Munitions Board (replaced the Shell Committee). He made better weapons and turned Canada into a developed country

What was trench warfare

The French and British would dig deep trenches in the ground for cover and to stop the Germans from attacking. Turned the war into a stalemate

What is a battle or war of attrition

A battle of attrition is when both sides knew they can't capture each other's trench, so they sent soldiers to their deaths and hoped the other side ran out of soldiers first

What was "going over the top"

Going "over the top" meant being sent to run from your trench to the enemy trench, to try and capture it. This almost always failed and millions died this way from machine guns

What was "total war"

When a country devotes all of their resources to the war, with all civilian factories being turned into military weapons factories

What were some new technologies in WW1

Tanks, poison gas, machine guns, planes, zeppelins, and flamethrowers

Which country first invented the tank

Great Britain made the first tank in 1916, and called it the Mark 1

Which country first used poison gas

Germany first used poison gas against French forces in 1915

What were the 3 main types of poison gas

Chlorine gas, Mustard gas, and Phosgene gas

What were the two main phases of WW1

War of Movement - First few months of the war, when Germans advanced and stopped 100 km away from Paris

Static War - When British, French, and Germans dug trenches and stopped advancing at each other

What battle was poison gas first used in

The First Battle of Ypres (pronounced Eep) is when the Germans first used gas against the French

Who fought in the Battle of Vimy Ridge and what was different about it

Canada fought against Germany. This was the first time when only Canada, without Great Britain, fought. Plus, every Canadian army unit fought together for the first time

How did Canada win the Battle of Vimy Ridge

The Canadians dug tunnels under the ridge, and planted explosives. Then they detonated the bombs, and the rest of them ran up the ridge, and captured it on Easter

How many Canadians died or were injured at Vimy Ridge

4,000 Canadian soldiers died and 10,000 were injured

Who fought in the Battle of Passchendaele

First the British and French fought against the Germans, and failed. Then, they sent in the Canadians, who won the battle

Why was the Battle of Passchendaele started by the British

General Haig started it to take pressure off the French army

Who led Canada in the Battle of Passchendaele and what did he think of the battle

Arthur Currie led the Canadian forces in the capture of Passchendaele, but didn't think the plan would work at first

What were dogfights

When two pilots would follow each other through the sky, trying to shoot each other down

How long did an average pilot last in the war

After becoming a pilot, an average pilot only lived around 3 weeks

Who were the two most famous Canadian pilots

Billy Bishop got the most kills in the air, and Roy Brown shot down "The Red Baron"

Who was the "Red Baron"

A famous German fighter pilot who shot down over 80 planes during the war

What did German U-Boats do

German U-boats (submarines) sank merchant ships that carried weapons and supplies from Canada (especially Halifax) to Great Britain

What was the Halifax Disaster

In 1917, two boats carrying bombs crashed near the port of Halifax. The explosion was the biggest in history up to that point. 2,000 people died and 10,000 were injured

What were Victory Bonds and what were they used for

To raise money for the war, Canada sold "Victory Bonds" to citizens, promising to pay them back more when the war was finished

Why did the Canadian economy actually improve during the war

To fight against the inflation that came with the war, Canada increased taxes, sold war bonds, and lowered interest rates. This meant goods got less expensive and the economy grew

What is conscription

When people are conscripted or drafted and forced to join the military and fight

What bill was passed by Canada to make conscription legal

The Military Services Act (MSA) was passed by Prime Minister Borden

What was the main topic of debate regarding conscription

English Canadians supported it, but French Quebecers were against conscription, and were then made exempt and couldn't be drafted

How did women get more rights during the war

They worked in factories and made money, and got the right to vote in 1918

What treaty ended WW1 and made Germany surrender

The Treaty of Versailles ended WW1, but was criticized for being too harsh against Germany and punishing them too much

What was the League of Nations and which country refused to join

The League of Nations was meant to be an alliance between every country in the world, so that no more wars would happen, but the USA didn't join