cardiovascular system drugs

ACE Inhibitors (Mechanism of Action)

inhibits the ACE enzyme, slowing how much angiotensin II is produced, thus reducing blood pressure

ACE Inhibitors (Indications)

Hypertension, heart failure

ACE Inhibitor (Drug Suffix)

-pril

Vasotec

Enalapril (ACE Inhibitor)

Prinivil

Lisinopril (ACE Inhibitor)

Aceon

Perindopril (ACE Inhibitor)

Altace

Ramipril (ACE Inhibitor)

Major Side Effects of ACE Inhibitors

Dry Cough, hyperkalemia

ARBs (Mechanism of Action)

blocks the effects of angiotensin II at specific receptors, resulting in blood vessel relaxation and lower blood pressure

ARBs (Indication*)

hypertension, heart failure *

ARBs (Drug Suffix)

-sartan

Avarpro

Irbesartan (ARB)

Cozaar

Losartan (ARB)

Benicar

Olmesartan (ARB)

Avalide

Irbesartain / HCTZ (ARB)

Hyzaar

Losartan/HCTZ (ARB)

Calcium Channel Blocker (Mechanism of Action)

disrupts movement of calcium ions, thus decreasing the amount of calcium available to cardiac and vascular cells (less calcium, heart beats with less force, lower blood pressure)

Calcium Channel Blockers (Indications)

Hypertension, angina

Calcium Channel Blockers (Drug Suffix)

-dipine

Norvasc

Amlopdipine (CCB)

Diltazem

Cardizem (CCB)

Colon

Verapamin (CCB)

grapefruit juice + amlodipine

increased risk of side effects (rhabdo)

Beta-blockers and CCBs

increased risk of heart failure and increased heart rate

Beta-Blockers (Mechanism of Action)

blocks the effects of adrenaline on beta receptors in the heart, which leads to a decreased heart rate and relaxed blood vessels

Beta-Blockers (Indications)

Hypertension, angina, myocardial infarction, and arrythmia

Beta-Blockers (Drug Suffix)

-o/lol

Tenormin

Atenolol (BB)

Coreg

Carvedilol (BB)L

Lopressor

Metoprolol (BB)

Zebeta

Bisoprolol (BB)

beta-blockers and beta-2 agonists

increased risk of life-threatening bronchospasms

alpha-blockers (mechanism of action)

blocks the effects of norepinephrine on alpha-1 receptors, which leads to widening of blood vessels and lowering of blood pressureal

alpha-blockers (indications)

hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia

alpha-blockers (drug Suffix)

-osin

Uroxatral

alfuzosin (alpha-blockers)

Cardura

Doxazosin (alpha-blockers)

Minipress

Prazosin (alpha-blockers)

Flomax

Tamsulosin (alpha-blockers)

Hytrin

Terazosin (alpha-blockers)

Vasodilators (Mechanism of Action)

expand blood cells that supply blood to the heart to increase blood flow to the heart and lower blood pressue

Vasodilators (Indications)

hypertension, Gestational hypertension

Apresoline

Hydralazine (Vasodilators)

Nitrates (Mechanism of Action)

expand blood vessels that supply blood to the heart to increase blood flow to the heart (N)

Nitrates (Indication)

heart failure

Imdur

Isosorbide mononitrate (Nitrate)

Nitrostat

Nitroglycerin (Nitrate)

Nitrates and PDE5 Inhibitors

risk of severe hypotension

Loop Diuretics (Mechanism of Action)

reduces sodium reabsorption in the loop of Henle, thereby causing the elimination of water and sodium from the body

Loop Diuretics (Indication)

acute pulmonary edema, chronic heart failure, hypertension

Lasix

Furosemide (Loop Diuretic)

Bumax

Bumetanide (Loop Diuretic)

Loop Diuretics and Aminoglycosides

increased risk of kidney (nephrotoxicity) and ear (ototoxicity) toxicity

Loop Diuretics and Lithium

increased levels of lithium in the body, causing lithium toxicity

Thiazide Diuretics (Mechanism of Action)

blocks sodium and chloride channels and inhibit the reabsorption of sodium and water, causing natiuresis and diuresis

Thiazide Diuretics (Indication)

hypertension, edema, congestive heart failure

Microzide

Hydrochlorothiazide (Thiazide Diuretic)

Thiazide Diuretics and NSAIDs

decreased efficacy of Thiazide Diuretics

Potassium Sparing Diuretics (Mechanism of Action)

cause the excretion of sodium and water while preventing the loss of potassium in the urine

Potassium Sparing Diuretics (Indication)

fluid retention, chronic heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver

Dyrenium

Triamterene (Potassium Sparing Diuretics)

Aldactone

spironolactone (Potassium Sparing Diuretics)

Potassium Sparing Diuretics and ACE Inhibitors

Hyperkalemia

anticoagulants/blood thinners(mechanism of action)

block/interfere with chemical reactions that lead to the formation of fibrin to reduce the risk of clot formation

Anticoagulants / Blood Thinners (Indicactions)

Prevention/treatment of blood clots, reduce the risk of recurrent stroke

Apixaban

Eliquis (Anticoagulants / Blood Thinners) 

Pradaxa

Dabigatran (Anticoagulants / Blood Thinners )

Dalteparin

Fragmin (LMWH)

Heparin Sodium

Heparin (Anticoagulants / Blood Thinners )

Lovanox

Enoxaparin (LMWH)

Xarelto

Rivaroxaban (Anticoagulants / Blood Thinners )

Coumadin

Warfarin (Anticoagulants / Blood Thinners )

NSAIDS and Anticoagulants / Blood Thinners 

increased risk of GI Bleeding

Vitamin K and Warfarin

Opposing effects; reduced efficacy of Warfarin

Metronidazole and Warfarin

reduced metabolism of warfarin, increased risk of bleeding

antiplatelets (mechanism of action)

prevent/interfere with platelet aggregation to prevent clot formation

antiplatelets (indications)

prevention or treatment of blood clots

Bayer

Aspirin (antiplatelets)

Plavix

Clopidogrel (antiplatelets)

Omeprazole and Clopidogrel

reduced antiplatelet effects of clopidogrel

HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors (Mechanism of Action)

inhibit the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which is the key enzyme used by the liver to produce cholesterol

HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors (Indications)

high cholesterol

HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors (Drug Suffix)

-statin

Zocor

Simvastatin (HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors )

Lipitor

Atorvastatin (HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors )

Mevacor

Lovastatin (HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors )

Pravachol

pravastatin (HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors )

Crestor

rosuvastatin (HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors )

grapefruit juice and HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors

increased risk of myopathies/rhabdo

fatty acids (indications)

high triglyceride levels

fatty acids (mechanism of action)

block specific receptors present on the intestine which absorb the dietary cholesterol and thus inhibit intestinal absorption of cholesterol, which increases reuptake of LDL cholesterol present in the blood to make cholesterol, which reduces the levels of LDL

Zetia

Ezetimibe (cholesterol absorption Inhibitor)

Fibric Acids (Mechanism of Action)

decreases triglyceride levels and reduces LDL cholesterol levels and helps raise HDL cholesterol

Fibric Acids (indications)

high cholesterol, hyperglyceridemia

fibric acids (drug Suffix)

-fib

Tricor, Antara

Fenofibrate (fibric acid)

Lopid

Gemfibrozil (Fatty Acid)

Fibric Acids and Statins

Statins increase risk of rhabdo