[RAP0 21LAB] PRELIM: Lesson 4.5 Blood Cell's

Blood Cells

• ___ are the cellular components of blood, essential for various physiological functions.

• They have several important functions in the body.

• They can be classified into three main types: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

3 Blood Cells

• Red Blood Cells (RBCs) / Erythrocytes

• White Blood Cells

• Platelets

Red Blood Cells (RBCs) / Erythrocytes

• Key Component: Hemoglobin (oxygen-carrying protein).

• Lifespan: About 120 days.

• Shape: Biconcave discs for flexibility and increased surface area.

Hemoglobin (oxygen-carrying protein)

• Red Blood Cells (RBCs) / Erythrocytes

• Key Component

120 Days

• Red Blood Cells (RBCs) / Erythrocytes

• Lifespan

Biconcave

• Red Blood Cells (RBCs) / Erythrocytes

• Shape

• ___ discs for flexibility and increased surface area.

Oxygen Transport

• Red Blood Cells (RBCs) / Erythrocytes

• They are primarily responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and organs throughout the body.

Carbon Dioxide Removal

• Red Blood Cells (RBCs) / Erythrocytes

• They also help transport carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism, from the tissues back to the lungs to be exhaled.

Hemoglobin

• Red Blood Cells (RBCs) / Erythrocytes

• RBCs contain ____, a protein that binds to oxygen and allows its transport.

White Blood Cell’s

• Immune Defense

• They are crucial in defending the body against infections.

• They are part of the immune system and help identify and eliminate foreign invaders like bacteria, viruses, and parasites.

5 Types of WBC’s

• Neutrophils

• Lymphocytes

• Monocytes

• Eosinophils

• Basophils

Neutrophils

• Type of WBC

• Fight bacterial and fungal infections

Lymphocytes

• Type of WBC

• Include B-cells (antibody production) and T-cells (cell-mediated immunity).

Monocytes

• Type of WBC

• Become macrophages and help in immune response.

Eosinophils

• Type of WBC

• Involved in allergic reactions and parasite defense.

Basophils

• Type of WBC

• Release histamine in allergic responses.

Platelets – Thrombocytes

• Blood Clotting: They are involved in blood clotting, helping to stop bleeding by forming clots at sites of injury.

  • They aggregate and release chemicals that promote clot formation.

• Repairing Blood Vessels:

  • They play a role in the repair of blood vessel walls, helping to maintain blood vessel integrity.

• Produced from: Megakaryocytes in the bone marrow.

• Lifespan: About 7–10 days.

Blood Clotting

• Platelets – Thrombocytes

• Platelets are involved in ___, helping to stop bleeding by forming clots at sites of injury.

• They aggregate and release chemicals that promote clot formation.

Repairing Blood Vessels

• Platelets – Thrombocytes

• They play a role in the repair of blood vessel walls, helping to maintain blood vessel integrity.

Megakaryocytes

• Platelets – Thrombocytes

• They are produced from ___ in the bone marrow.

7–10 days

• Platelets – Thrombocytes

• Lifespan

Reproductive Cells

• Also known as gametes, are specialized cells involved in sexual reproduction.

• They carry half the genetic material necessary to form a new individual and combine during fertilization to produce a zygote.

Function of Sperm Cells (Spermatozoa)

Male gametes involved in fertilizing the female egg

Head; Midpiece; Tail (Flagellum)

Structure of Sperm Cells (Spermatozoa)

Head

• Structure of Sperm Cells (Spermatozoa)

• Contains the nucleus with DNA.

Midpiece

• Structure of Sperm Cells (Spermatozoa)

• Packed with mitochondria to provide energy for movement.

Tail (Flagellum)

• Structure of Sperm Cells (Spermatozoa)

• Enables movement toward the egg

Sperm Cells (Spermatozoa)

• Production: Produced in the testes through a process called spermatogenesis.

• Genetic Material: Carries half the male's genetic information (haploid, 23 chromosomes).

• Lifespan: Typically survive for up to 5 days in the female reproductive tract.

Spermatogenesis

• Production of Sperm Cells (Spermatozoa)

• Produced in the testes through a process called ___.

23

• Genetic Material of Sperm Cells (Spermatozoa)

• Carries half the male's genetic information (haploid, ___ chromosomes).

5

• Lifespan of Sperm Cells (Spermatozoa)

• Typically survive for up to ___ days in the female reproductive tract.

Function of Egg Cells (Oocytes)

Female gametes involved in fertilization by sperm.

Nucleus and Cytoplasm

Structure of Egg Cells (Oocytes)

Nucleus

• Structure of Egg Cells (Oocytes)

• Contains the female's genetic material.

Cytoplasm

• Structure of Egg Cells (Oocytes)

• Contains nutrients and organelles for the early stages of development after fertilization.

Egg Cells (Oocytes)

• Production: Produced in the ovaries through a process called oogenesis.

• Genetic Material: Carries half the female's genetic information (haploid, 23 chromosomes).

• Lifespan: Once released during ovulation, the egg can survive for about 12–24 hours, awaiting fertilization.

Oogenesis

• Production of Egg Cells (Oocytes)

• Produced in the ovaries through a process called ___.

23

• Genetic Material of Egg Cells (Oocytes)

• Carries half the female's genetic information (haploid, ___ chromosomes).

12–24 hours

• Lifespan of Egg Cells (Oocytes)

• Once released during ovulation, the egg can survive for about ___, awaiting fertilization.

Fertilization

When sperm and egg meet during fertilization, they combine their genetic material to form a zygote, which contains a full set of chromosomes (46 in humans, diploid).