Response to Environmental Changes and Homeostasis

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the nervous and endocrine systems, hormonal functions, homeostasis, and kidney processes.

Nervous System

A system made of nerves that transmits electrical impulses in response to stimuli.

Endocrine System

Made of glands that send chemical messages (hormones) throughout the body.

Hormone

A chemical substance produced by endocrine glands that alters the activity of target organs.

Adrenaline

A hormone produced by the adrenal glands that prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses.

Insulin

A hormone produced by the pancreas that converts glucose into glycogen and lowers blood glucose levels.

Testosterone

A hormone produced by the testes that promotes sperm production and male secondary sexual characteristics.

Progesterone

A hormone produced by the ovaries that maintains the uterus lining during pregnancy.

Oestrogen

A hormone produced by the ovaries that thickens the uterus lining and stimulates LH production.

ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)

A hormone from the pituitary gland that regulates urine production and osmoregulation.

FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)

A hormone from the pituitary gland that triggers ovulation (egg release).

LH (Luteinizing Hormone)

A hormone from the pituitary gland that triggers egg development and controls the menstrual cycle.

Homeostasis

The maintenance of a constant internal environment in the body.

Ultrafiltration

A process in the kidneys that filters small, soluble molecules from the blood under blood pressure.

Selective Reabsorption

The process occurring in the PCT that reabsorbs useful substances back into the blood using ATP.

Urine

A waste product containing water, urea, and ions.