Acids, Bases and Salt preparations

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8 Terms

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Solubility rules?

  • Sodium, potassium and ammonium- ALL SOLUBLE

  • Nitrates- SOLUBLE

  • Common Chlorides- SOLUBLE (not silver and lead)

  • Common Sulfates- SOLUBLE (not lead, barium and calcium)

  • Common Carbonates- INSOLUBLE (except sodium, potassium and ammonium)

  • Common Hydroxides- INSOLUBLE (except sodium, potassium and calcium)

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When an acid reacts with a metal oxide?

Acid + Metal oxide = Salt + water

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When an acid reacts with a metal hydroxide?

Acid + metal hydroxide = salt + water

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when an acids reacts with ammonia?

Acid + Ammonia = Ammonium Salt

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When acid reacts with a metal carbonate?

Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide

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How to prepare a soluble salt?

  • Use an acid and an insoluble base

  1. Heat the acid in a water bath (speeds up the reaction). Do it in a fume cupboard.

  2. Add the base to the acid. This will produce a soluble salt and water. The acid will be fully neutralised because the excess solid will sink to the bottom of the flask.

  3. Filter the excess solid to get a solution with only salt and water

  4. Heat the solution gently to slowly evaporate off any excess water and then leave the solution to cool and allow the salt to crystallise

  5. Filter off the solid salt and leave to dry.

    • Copper oxide + sulfuric acid = Copper sulfate + water.

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Another way to prepare a soluble salt?

A titration reaction

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Preparing an insoluble salt?

  • soluble salt + soluble salt = insoluble salt

  • to make lead sulfate, mix lead nitrate and magnesium sulfate

    1. Add one spatula of leaf nitrate to a test tube and add water (deionised) to dissolve it. Shake thoroughly so all lead nitrate dissolves.

    2. In another tube do the same with magnesium sulfate.

    3. Put both solutions into a beaker and stir to mix them. The lead sulfate should precipitate out.

    4. Filter out the solution through a funnel into a conical flask.

    5. Swill out the beaker with deionised water and pour through the funnel to get all the precipitate from the beaker.

    6. rinse the filter paper with deionised water to wash away all the soluble magnesium nitrate.

    7. Scrape the lead sulfate onto fresh paper and leave to dry in an oven.