resins+

Resins

: amorphous complex products; hard, transparent/translucent; soften/melt with heat

Rosin/colophony

Pinus palustris; abietic/silvic acids

Stiffening ointments/plasters

Podophyllum

Podophyllum peltatum; podophyllin, peltatin, podophyllotoxin

Warts, purgative; podophyllotoxin -> etoposide/teniposide

Yerba santa

Eriodictyon californicum

Masks bitter taste; expectorant/flavorant

Jalap

Exogonium purga; alapin/purganol

Cathartic hydragogue

Mastic

Pistacia lentiscus; masticin, alpha/beta resins

Dental varnish

Kava-kava

Piper methysticum; styrylpyrones

Tranquilizer/smooth muscle relaxant/antipyretic/local anesthetic in source

Cannabis

Cannabis sativa;

hashish/THC/cannabidiol/nabilone

Duquenois test = violet on chloroform layer

Oleoresins

Turpentine;

capsicum/cayenne pepper

Oleo-gum-resins

Myrrh; asafoetida

Balsams

Storax, Peru balsam, Tolu balsam, benzoin

Alkaloids:

bitter, basic nitrogenous compounds; physiologically active; most names end in -ine

Wagner

Reddish-brown precipitate

Valser/Valer

White precipitate (mercuric iodide)

Mayer

White/cream precipitate

Dragendorff

Orange precipitate

Hager

Precipitation

Scheibler

Phosphotungstic acid reagent

Sonnenschein

Phosphomolybdic acid reagent

Bouchardat

Iodine in KI

Cinchona

Cinchona spp.; quinine/quinidine; cinchonine/cinchonidine parent alkaloids

Antimalarial historically; antiarrhythmic in source; cinchonism = tinnitus/hearing loss;

Thalleioquin = blue fluorescence then green ppt

Cuprea

Remijia pyridiena

Commercial source of quinidine in source

Belladonna

Atropa belladonna

Tropane/atropine group

Datura

Datura spp.

Tropane alkaloids

Hyoscyamus

Hyoscyamus spp.

Tropane alkaloids

Calabar bean

Physostigma venenosum;

physostigmine

Glaucoma; decreases IOP in source

Opium

Papaver somniferum

unripe capsules

Morphine, codeine, noscapine, pap

Morphine

Most important/abundant;

narcotic analgesic

Codeine

Methylmorphine; antitussive;

discovered by Robiquet

Noscapine

Only non-narcotic opium alkaloid in source;

antitussive

Papaverine

Smooth-muscle relaxant

Thebaine

Opioid-related parent in source