aice bio unit 10 - diseases

disease definition

an illness or disorder of the body or mind that leads to poor health associated with a set of signs or symptoms

infectious diseases

diseases caused by organisms called pathogens

non infectious diseases

diseases caused by non pathogenic sources such as environmental causes, physical damage, genetic disorders, etc.

carriers

people who are infected (and contagious) but lack symptoms

transmission cycle

the way in which a pathogen passes from one host to another

vaccination

a major control measure for many infectious disease; a way to establish immunity to a certain disease usually by exposing people’s immune system to a weakened form of pathogen

endemic

diseases that are always present in a particular population at some level

incidence

number of people diagnosed within a defined time period

prevalence

number of people who have the disease at one time

epidemic

occurs when there is a sudden increase in the number of people with a disease

pandemic

widespread epidemic (entire continents or world)

mortality

the death rate from a disease

pathogen for cholera + what is it

vibrio cholerae/bacterium

malaria pathogen & type

four species of plasmodium: falciparum, vivax, ovale, malarie/ protist

hiv/aids pathogen & type

humman immunodeficiency virus

TB pathogen & type

Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis / bacterium

cholera method of transmission

food and water borne

malaria method of transmission

insect vector: female mosquitos

hiv/aids method of transmission

human fluids (intercourse/sharing needles), mother to child through placenta/breastfeeding

tuberculosis method of transmission

airborne droplets (M. tuberculosis) undercooked meat and unpasteurized milk (M. bovis)