Chapter 1: Biology and Living Things

Flashcards testing specific terminology, factual classification, and biological concepts covered in Chapter 1 using a fill-in-the-blank style.

The study of physical forms or physical characteristics of living things in terms of shape and structure is known as __________.

morphology

Histology is defined as the study of living tissues as seen under a __________.

microscope

A proposed sensible assumption or guess capable of being verified or tested is called a __________.

hypothesis

In a scientific experiment, the setup kept under normal conditions to compare against an eliminated or varied factor is known as the __________.

control

During respiration, energy is released and stored in molecules of __________.

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Metabolism is the sum total of chemical processes within cells, consisting of anabolism and __________.

catabolism

Non-living things increase in size by __________ , which is the addition of new materials to their outside surface.

accretion

Feeding in animals where they depend on plants and other animals for food is termed holozoic or __________ nutrition.

heterotrophic

In the classification of Maize (Zea mays), its family is named __________.

Graminacea

Organisms that consist of simple cells lacking a true nucleus are classified as __________.

procaryotes

When found outside the cell of another living organism, a virus exists in a dormant state as a mere __________.

crystal

In cyanobacteria, chlorophyll is located in flattened membranous structures called __________.

thylakoids

Paramecium caudatum is characterized by two nuclei, many cilia, and a form of sexual reproduction called __________.

conjugation

Euglenoids possess a flexible cell membrane called a __________ instead of a rigid cell wall.

pellicle

The cell wall of true fungi is primarily composed of __________.

chitin

In Spirogyra, the ribbon-like chloroplasts contain specialized centres for starch formation called __________.

pyrenoids

The inconspicuous, heart-shaped gametophyte stage in the life cycle of a fern is called a __________.

prothallus

Ginkgo biloba is the only living species belonging to the gymnosperm group known as __________.

Ginkgos

Animals whose body cavity is not entirely bounded by mesoderm are referred to as __________.

pseudocoelomates

In sponges, water currents flow out of the central cavity through a large opening called the __________.

osculum

Coelenterates display two main body forms: the cylindrical hydroid polyp and the umbrella-shaped, free-swimming __________.

medusa

Excretion in flatworms is performed by specialized structures known as __________ cells.

flame

Annelids are distinguished from roundworms by having a body divided into segments by septa, known as __________ segmentation.

metameric

Arthropods periodically shed their rigid exoskeleton to permit body growth in a process called ecdysis or __________.

moulting

Centipedes belong to the class Chilopoda, whereas millipedes belong to the class __________.

Diplopoda

Echinoderms are spiny-skinned marine animals that move using specialized structures called __________ feet.

tube

Cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes) possess an exoskeleton made of sharp, non-overlapping __________ scales.

placoid

Reptiles are the first vertebrate group to evolve a copulatory organ called the __________ for internal fertilization.

penis

Mammals with odd numbers of toes on each foot sheathed in a cornified hoof belong to the order __________.

Perisodactyla

Small flying mammals with forelimbs modified to support a thin integumental wing membrane belong to the order __________.

Chiroptera