Stats intro part 1

Flashcards covering key concepts in statistics including definitions of terms, types of hypotheses, measures of central tendency, variation, and statistical tests.

Statistics

The collection, organisation, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data.

Hypothesis

Predicts an effect (e.g., 'Paracetamol will reduce symptoms').

Null Hypothesis

States there is no effect (e.g., 'Paracetamol does not reduce symptoms').

Mean

Add all values and divide by the total number of values.

Median

The middle value in the dataset.

Mode

The value that occurs most frequently.

Standard Deviation

An estimate of how data spreads around the mean.

95% Confidence Interval

The range in which 95% of values will likely fit.

Range

The maximum value minus the minimum value.

Shapiro-Wilk Test

Used for sample sizes less than 50.

Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test

Used for samples of 50 or above.

p-value < 0.05

Indicates less than a 5% likelihood of the data occurring if the null hypothesis were true, suggesting statistical significance.