important events from decades

1900 chinese head tax

-Head tax implemented to limit Chinese immigrants from entering Canada since they were no longer needed to build the Canadian Pacific Railway

-Under the Chinese immigration Act, Chinese immigrants had to pay a fixed fee to enter canada

-$50/person in 1885 then increased to $500 since ppl were still entering canada

-Chinese labourers who worked to build the railway could not bring their families to Canada. Many were prevented from uniting with their families.

-for every mile the CPR was bult, 3-4 chinese workers died (no safetly measures at all)

-the avg labourer earned $300/year (but only $43 after living expenses)

1900 teacher laws

teachers couldnt be married, leave city w/o permission or loiter downtown

world war one

-Canada entered the war as a British Dominion in World War One.

-sent over 600,000 troops, whom over 66 000 died and 170 000 wounded

-Besides the fatalities, this was a success for Canada as they had captured more ground and prisoners than any previous british offensive of the battle of vimy ridge and secured the village of Passchendaele from the germans in the battle of passchendaele. -Overall,the war accelerated women's suffrage, with women gaining the right to vote in 1918.

flappers 1920

-known as bold and rebellious women who challenged traditional expections by wearing short skirts below the knee, bobbed hairstyles, more makeup

-Women were seen as angels of the house and temptresses and evil people distracting good men from work.

-they drank and smoked in public

-got more freedom

-also drove cars

FLAP acronym

-How they changed fashion

-How they got loud and proud

-Attitude and didn't care who heard their voices

-Paved the way for women

jazz culture 1920

-Louis Armstrong was the first time a black man was put on the cover of times magazine, known for playing trumpet and united reacism thru jazz and his music

-Emmett till was abducted in 1955 when he was accused of defending a white woman and die at age 14

alcohol prohibation

-moonshine is alcohol made by citizens rather than government

-prohibition was gov losing $

- is illegal now due to high alcohol content and cant be diluted once its in body by drinking water

great depression and stock market crash 1930

-stores became bankrupt when there were no more sales cuz ppl stopped buying

-you are now losing so much money and still need to pay rent and everything

1940

japanese internment camps or ww2 or juno beach or holocaust

internment camp

-japanese canadians faced widespread racism and discrimination and took to interment camps, hired for their expertise in fishing and started making more money. no apology was given until trudeau spoke up

-after the japanese internment ppl still hated the japanese even though they didnt do anything

juno beach

-june 6, 1944

canadian troops were sent to beach to secure land

-lots drowned due to carrying heavy equipment

-lots were injured due to high tide

-they secured 3 important villages and got more land than anyone else

-they were fighting for french land = good

holocaust

-Canadian soldiers were freeing jewish people from concentration camps

-They were a sign of safety

-Providing aid and medical treatment to support those people since they were suffering

-Most known for the netherlands saving 900 dutch jewish people

-40 000 holocaust survivors resettled in canada after war

baby boom

-8.3 million babies were born in quebec and ontario

-Busiest hospital was VGH, 13 babies per minute were born

-90 children were on one single bed, there was no room and only one nurse to care for them. Very short staffed. No borders on bed to prevent them from falling off

-3 ms yeh paying for 2 babies medical taxes are increasing every year

-75 babies were born in a minute

-Many cities without any doctors

-How r u gonna get help if u get sick

korean war 1950

Canada joined the United Nations force to fight in the Korean War

The '60s Scoop

-Canadian government would take indigenous children away from their homes and put into foster care, hoping a white family would adopt them

-Kids have forgotten to speak their language

-their names have been changed to western names and wore nice outfits to be advertised

Instead of taking them to residential schools they were taken into foster care because it was cheaper

-People who adopted indigenous children were not bad people

-They were played by the government, thinking they were doing something good. They weren't knowledgeable that the children were actually taken away from their original homes

Indigenous children lost their identity and culture

-Child wearing headdress, not respectful because when you take someone's culture and turn it into a costume= called cultural appropriation. You take someones broad culture and stereotype it to one thing

-Indigenous moms raise their children from 0-3 years, always carried by mom

-Advertising is like adopting a puppy! Very insulting but intentional

hippie mini vans 1970

-Movement to go against government and materialism

T-hey wore bright colors and flower patterns to show rebellion and attract media and attention

-against mainstream and get attention

-They (the hippies) were protesting against napalm carpet bombing

-A substance like honey, so hot that would burn people alive

2000 degrees fahrenheit

Showed on screen and not censored

388 000 tons of napalm were dropped onto villages

october crisis

-a group of french speaking people believed that english ppl in quebec were getting better wages, living conditions and better lives so they turned against government since they thought they were singled out

-they kidnapped James Cross and Pierre Laporte, and told they would release 23 members of their group, like a prisoner exchange and killed them

-this led to panic since it evoked the war measures act where police could arrest anyone on the streets

1980 terry fox marathon of hope

run across canada to raise awareness and funds for cancer research

1980 quebec referendum (10)

-Leader of quebec is Rene Levesque. he gave quebec citizens the option to vote and separate from canada

-He felt that even though french colonists were the first to come to canada and claim it, the british took over and kicked them out (Language, culture and traditions were being erased and anglified.)

-The first vote they said no so he did it again in 1995

-quebecs demands were to control over their education, health care and economy

-Even though quebec is only one province, they wanted the voting power of the rest of canada because they were so different

-wanted to override charter

-They voted (results were no) and quebec would have became a country.

-this caused canada to change

-Language, culture, and tradition is protected within the province but french became the official mandatory language taught in all schools of canada

-Why is french the second language? Cuz the french conquered/came canada first

charter of rights and freedom (7)

-signed in 1982 by pierre trudeau

-originally there to have freedom from britian and independence

-To secure opportunities rights and freedoms of the citizens

-gain civil, political, and minority rights such as freedom of expression, peaceful protest and association but not specifically freedom of speech

-it also gve immigrants more rights and showed that canada welcomes all races and genders to enter the country

-the charter overruled all lawmakers, leaders (like mark carney) and judges ABOVE EVERYONE

-to change the charter/make amendments to charter, you must have the vote of 7 provinces or 50% of population in canada

oka crisis

-this happened in oka, quebec

-Indigenous ppl had sacred land, trying to claim it as their own

-Government wanted to build a golf course on the land

-Protestors called themselves the mohawks

-Confrontation between mohawk people against police

-Protest to protect their land from building the course escalated when gov sent police to shoot the mohawks

-mohawks barricaded the area so no one can leave or go in

-Little girl shot and stabbed but survived and never built the golf course

-This lasted around 78 days

-Land was bought by government after all (mohawks never claimed their land)

-Mohawk ppl were successful in keeping their land

y2k

-Banks, airlines, bombs could go wrong since the dates were malfunctioned

-No none new what would happen when the new century came

-Lots of concerns

-Era of fake news