🟦 PART 1 — VOLTAGE DIVIDERS

What is a voltage divider?

A voltage divider is a circuit made from resistors connected in series that produces a smaller voltage from a larger supply voltage.

It allows an Arduino to measure changes in resistance as a changing voltage.

Why are voltage dividers useful in robotics?

They allow physical changes, such as light intensity or knob position, to be converted into a changing voltage that the Arduino can measure.

What law is used to calculate voltage and current in a circuit?

Ohm's Law:

$$V = I \times R$$

In a series circuit, how is voltage distributed between resistors?

The voltage is distributed in proportion to the resistance of each resistor.

A resistor with a larger resistance receives a larger share of the total voltage.

What happens if two resistors in series have equal resistance?

They receive equal amounts of voltage.

Example:

Supply = 6 V

Resistor 1 = 3 Ω

Resistor 2 = 3 Ω

Each gets:

3 V

What happens if one resistor has a larger resistance than another?

The resistor with the larger resistance gets a larger voltage drop.