M.T. - Ch.4

87 vocabulary flashcards covering key combining forms, prefixes, suffixes, anatomy, diseases, diagnostic tests, procedures, and medications related to Chapter 4: Gastroenterology (GI System).

gloss/o

Combining form meaning tongue.

lingu/o

Combining form meaning tongue.

esophag/o

Combining form meaning esophagus.

tonsill/o

Combining form meaning tonsil.

gastr/o

Combining form meaning stomach.

enter/o

Combining form meaning intestine

intestin/o

Combining form meaning intestine

col/o

Combining form meaning colon.

colon/o

Combining form meaning colon.

hepat/o

Combining form meaning liver.

pancreat/o

Combining form meaning pancreas.

cholecyst/o

Combining form meaning gallbladder.

chol/e

Combining form meaning bile; gall.

pharyng/o

Combining form meaning pharynx; throat.

append/o

appendic/o

Combining form meaning a small structure hanging from a larger structure.

appendix

abdomin/o

Combining form meaning abdomen.

lith/o

Combining form meaning stone.

phag/o

Combining form meaning eating; swallowing.

anti-

Prefix meaning against.

dia-

Prefix meaning complete; through.

dys-

Prefix meaning abnormal; difficult; painful.

endo-

Prefix meaning innermost; within.

-iasis

Suffix meaning abnormal condition; process.

-itis

Suffix meaning inflammation; infection.

-megaly

Suffix meaning enlargement.

-rrhea

Suffix meaning discharge; flow.

-scopy

Suffix meaning process of using an instrument to examine.

-centesis

Suffix meaning procedure to puncture.

-ectomy

Suffix meaning surgical removal.

-stomy

Suffix meaning surgically created opening.

-tomy

Suffix meaning process of cutting; process of making an incision.

-graphy

Suffix meaning process of recording or imaging.

peristalsis

process of contraction around

sphincter

muscular rings

oral

Pertaining to mouth.

feces

pertaining to stool

emesis

Vomiting.

mucus

produced by mucous membrane

mucous

helps digest & break down food, along with helping it slide down body

peritoneum

Serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and GI organs.

hernia

protruding part in GI tract

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Chronic inflammation & irritation due to reflux of stomach acid back into esophagus

Peritonitis

Inflammation and infection of the peritoneum.

Hepatitis

Inflammation and infection of the liver.

Cholelithiasis

Abnormal condition of gallstones in the gallbladder.

Diverticulosis

Presence of multiple diverticula (pouches)

Diverticulitis

Inflammation & infection of a diverticulum due to trapped feces

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

disorder of the colon; cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, or excessive mucus

Antidiarrheal

anti-

dia-

rhe/o-

al-

against, complete; through, discharge; flow, pertaining to

Pertaining to med that treats diarrhea by slowing down peristalsis & increasing water absorption from feces into blood (Imodium A-D)

Antacid

Drug that neutralizes stomach acid to treat heartburn.

Antiemetic

Treats nausea & vomiting & motion sickness (e.g., Dramamine).

Esophagoscopy

Process of using an instrument to examine the esophagus.

Gastroscopy

Process of using an instrument to examine the stomach.

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

Process of using an instrument to examine the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.

Sigmoidoscopy

Process of using an instrument to examine the sigmoid colon.

Colonoscopy

Process of using an instrument to examine the entire colon.

Barium Enema

Radiologic procedure inserting barium into the rectum; visualizes the colon on X-ray.

CT / CAT scan

Computed tomography imaging that creates cross-sectional slices of the body.

tom/o- cut;layer; slice

-graphy Process of recording

gastrectomy

Surgical removal of the stomach.

gastroplasty

Surgical reshaping of the stomach.

gastroscope

Instrument used to examine the stomach.

gastroenteritis

Inflammation and infection of the stomach and intestines.

gastrocolitis

Inflammation and infection of the stomach and colon.

gastrostomy

Surgically created opening into the stomach.

cholecystectomy

Surgical removal of the gallbladder.

cholecystopathy

disease of the gallbladder.

cholecystogram

picture or record of the gallbladder.

cholelithiasis

Presence of gallstones; abnormal condition of stones in bile.

hepatotomy

Surgical incision into the liver.

hepatomegaly

Enlargement of the liver.

hepatoma

Tumor or mass in the liver.

hemihepatectomy

Surgical removal of half of the liver.

transhepatic

Pertaining to or across the liver.

hepatogastric

Pertaining to the liver and stomach.

pharyngoglossal

Pertaining to the pharynx and tongue.

glossoplasty

Surgical reshaping of the tongue.

glossopathy

Any disease of the tongue.

pharyngeal

Pertaining to the pharynx.

pharyngitis

Inflammation or infection of the pharynx or throat

dysphagia

Difficulty or painful swallowing.

polyphagia

Excessive eating or swallowing.

diarrhea

Frequent, loose, watery stools; literally “flowing through.”

ventral hernia

Hernia occurring anywhere on the anterior abdominal wall except the navel.

umbilical hernia

Hernia occurring at the umbilicus (navel).

inguinal hernia

Hernia occurring in the groin region.

appendicitis

Inflammation of the appendix.

appendectomy

Surgical removal of the appendix.

The ______ cavity contains the largest organs of the gastrointestinal system

abdominal

What is the difference between the terms and the conditions diverticulosis and diverticulitis

Diverticulosis: diverticul/o-   diverticulum / -osis   abnormal condition; process

Presence of multiple diverticula (weakness in the wall of colon where mucosa forms abnormal pouches/sacs)

Diverticulitis: diverticul/o-    diverticulum / -itis    infection; inflammation

Condition where feces are trapped inside a diverticulum which causes inflammation, infection, abdominal pain, and fever. Common in countries where people eat a low-fiber diet.

What is the purpose of a barium enema?

Used to identity polyps, diverticula, or tumors by inserting the liquid contrast medium barium into the rectum. Barium outlines and coats the walls of the colon and rectum, and then an x-ray is taken.

Hepatitis is of particular concern to healthcare workers because _____________

healthcare workers are constantly exposed to the blood and body fluids of patients.