Dental terminology Ch. 12

Prosthodontics

Prosthesis

A replacement for a missing body part

Fixed appliance

Placed in the mouth and is not intended for removal

Removable appliance

Is placed in and out of the mouth at the patients will

Implantology

The science of dental implants, involves the use of both fixed appliances and removable appliances in some instances

Noble metals

The valuable alloys- gold (Au), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), and silver (Ag)

Base metals

Chromium-cobalt or chromium nickel, which may be used along or in a mixture with noble alloys, are further classified for insurance purposes as high noble, noble, and base according to formulas.

High noble alloy

Contains > 60% of gold, palladium, and/or platinum (with at least 40% gold)

Noble alloy

Contains more than 25% of gold, palladium, and/or platinum

Base metal alloy

Contains less than 25% of gold, palladium, and/or platinum

Porcelain

(hard, translucent, ceramic ware) Shells, veneer covers, or facings fused to the surface of a metal crown to give the appearance of a natural tooth surface, aka PFM (porcelain fused to metal)

Composite

Resin material used for tooth-colored replacement

Acrylic

Synthetic resin material used in fabrication of appliance parts, as coverings for the metal frameworks, or as natural tissue replacement

Ceramic

A hard, brittle material produced from nonmetallic substances fired at high temperatures; supplied in block shape for milling into crown and tooth forms

Titanium

Corrosion-reisstant, lightweight, stong bio-compatible metal used in dental implants and posts

Zirconia

Corrosion resistant, bio-compatible material similar to titanium; used for implants

Hardness

Ability of a material to withstand penetration

Tensile strength

Capability of a material to be stretched

Elasticity

Ability of a material to be stretched and then resume its original shape

Ductility

Ability of a material to bbe drawn or hammered out, as into a fine wire, without breaking

Malleability

Ability of a material to be pressed or hammered out into various forms and shapes

Elongation

Ability of a material to stretch before permanent deformation begins

Inlay

A solid-casted, or milled restoration, involving some occlusal and proximal surfaces, which is cemented into a tooth preparation

Onlay

A solid-casted or milled restoration, involving some occlusal tooth cusp and side wall area and is cemented onto a prepared site

Crown

A fabricated, tooth-shaped cover replacement for a missing crown area that is cemented onto the remaining prepared crown surfaces

Full crown

Cast metal, tooth-shaped cover that replaces the entire crown area, acrylic resin crowns may be uses a temporary crown cover during treatment

Jacket crown

Thin, preformed, metal shield used to cover a large area of anterior crowns; can be gold metal or metal covered with porcelain material to resemble tooth enamel

Dowel crown

Full crown cover with dowel pin extending into the root canal of a pulpless tooth; usually positioned on anterior teeth

Three-quarter crown

Similar to full crown, covering all of the crown except the facial surface of the tooth, which remains intact to present an esthetic, natural appearance

Porcelain-fused-to-gold (PFM)

Crown that has a complete capping of metal base with fused porcelain to metal, giving tooth contour, shape, and cover

Veneer

Can be direct or indirect

Direct veneer

Placed and cured directly on the tooth surface to build up the area or to replace a missing tooth structure

Indirect veneer

Tooth material is prepared in the lab and later cemented onto the tooth structure

Bridge

A prosthesis used to replace 1+ teeth, may be of a fixed or removable nature

fixed bridge

cemented into the oral cavity and not removed by the patient; the number of teeth involved in the appliance determines the amount of number of units

Cantilever bridge

Bridge with unsupported end, usually saddled

Maryland bridge

Replaces anterior or posterior tooth and is cemented directly to the adjacent or abutting teeth; aka a California bridge or resin-bonded bridge

3 components of a bridge

Pontic, abutment, adjacent

Pontic

Artificial tooth part of the bridge that replaces the missing tooth and restores function to the bite

Abutment

Natural tooth that is prepared to hold or support the retaining part of the bridgework in position

Adjacent teeth

May be included in units if they are involved in the bridge area

Complete denture

(removable appliance composed of artificial teeth set in an acrylic base) Full denture designed to replace the entire dentition of an upper or lower arch

Partial denture

Removable appliance, usually composed of framework, artificial teeth, and acrylic material; replaces 1+ teeth in an arch

Immediate denture

Denture prosthesis that is placed into the mouth at the time the natural teeth are surgically removed

Overdenture

Prosthetic denture that is prepared to fit and be secured on implant posts or on prepared retained roots

framework

Matal skeleton or spine onto which a removable prosthesis is constructed

Saddle

The part of the removable prosthesis that strides or straddles the gingival crest; used to balance the prosthesis and serves a base for the placement of artificial teeth

rests

small extensions of the removable prosthesis made to fir or sit atop the adjoining teeth; provides balance and stability for the partial denture appliance, named for the area that is in contact with the tooth surface-occlusal, lingual, incisal, and so on

Clasp

extension of partial framework that grasps the adjoining teeth to provide support and retention of the prosthesis

Retainer

In fixed prosthesis, the part of the appliance that joins with the abutting, natural tooth to support the appliance, like the pillar holding the span of a bridge over the water, some are thin bars extending from quadrant to quadrant, called lingual bars or some may be palatal bars

connector

(device used to unite or attach two + parts together) used to connect quadrant to quadrant, called lingual bars or some may be palatal bars

Connector

(device used to unite or attach two+ parts together) used to connect quadrants of a partial denture or connect and support an overdenture

Stress breaker

a connector applied in stress-bearing areas to provide a safe area for stress relief and possible breakage

Artificial teeth

Anatomical substitutes for natural teeth; made of porcelain or acrylic material in various shades and shapes, called molds

Denture base

Acrylic part of the denture prosthesis that substitutes for the gingival tissue

Glange

Projecting rim or lower edge of prosthesis

Post dam

Posterior edge of the maxillary denture; helps to maintain the denture and suction

Elastomeric

having properties similar to rubber

Hydrocolloid dressing

water, suspension of material, can change from 1 form to another

Reversible hydrocolloid

Impression material that can change from solid or get state, to a liquid form and back again, depending on temperature changes, this material is used in a water cooled tray

thermoplastic

Quality of a material that changes from a rigid to plastic or movable form as a result of application of heat

Irreversible hydrocolloid

Quality that, once chemically set or in get form, this material cannot be reversed or used again. Ex. alginate

Imbibition

Swelling from absorption of water is called

Comparison of Operative Steps for Dental Prostheses

Extruder

Calibrated mixing dispenser

Basic types of rubber bases

Silicone, polyether, polysulfide and polyvinylsiloxane

Compound

A nonelastic impression material that may be used in edentulous impressions

Edentulous

Without teeth

Alveolectomy

Surgical removal of alveolar bone crests; may be required to provide smooth alveolar ridge for denture seating

Alveoplasty

Surgical reshaping or contouring of alveolar bone

Extraction

Surgical removal of teeth may be necessary

Coping

Metal cover placed over the remaining natural tooth surfaces to provide attachments for overdentures

Reduction

Removal of tooth decay and surfaces to receive the appliance

Chamfer

Preparation for crown placement or full veneer covering

Shoulder

Preparation to provide junction of the crown and tooth; usually for metal on ceramic crown or porcelain jacket crown

Bevel

Tooth preparation for seating and holding of a crown

Core buildup

Use of synthetic material to enlarge tooth core area to provide support for an artificial crown and to protect the pulpal tissues

Post placement

Addition of a metal retention post to teeth that have had pulp removal and root canal enlargement, to aid in stability and strength

Undercut

Removal of tooth structure near the gingival edge to provide a seat or placement for the extending edge of the appliance; same as tooth reduction

Retraction cord

Chemically treated cord placed in the gingival sulcus to obtain chemical or physical shrinking of the attached gingiva

Bite registration

Impression of the teeth while in occlusion

Open-bite

patient bites into the impression material

Closed-bite

The material is injected and expressed around the desired teeth while they are in occlusion

Opposing arch

Impressions of the occlusal surfaces of both arches are taken in the same procedure

Work order

Written directions from the dentist to the laboratory completing the case; the impressions, bit registration, and orders are sent together

Temporary or provisional coverage

Temporary protection for the prepared tooth while laboratory work is being completed, could be an aluminum cap, acrylic custom cover, or preformed resin crown form cemented onto the prepared teeth for protection until the final try-in and delivery

Seating

Placement and fitting of appliance for try-in and final cementation,

Condylar inclination

Observation of bite relationship and TMJ involvement

Centric

Occurring when the condyle rests in the temporal bone during biting, resting, and mouth movements

protrusion

Measurement with the mandible thrust forward, with teh lower jaw out

Retrusion

Measurement with the mandible drawn backward

Lateral excursion

Measurement with side-to-side movement of the mandible

Appearance indicators

Notions of the smile line and the length of the cuspid point

Root form implant-endosseous

Screw-type device that is cemented or threaded into the mandible or maxilla bone; used for a single tooth or post implant

Plate form implant

used for narrow jawbone; flat-plate style

Subperiosteal

Implant plate or frame is placed under the periodontium and stabilized on the mandibular bone

Transosteal

Large plate is stabilized on the lower border of the mandibular bone with posts extending through the gingiva; used to anchor prostheses in difficult situations

Maxillary obturator

Palatal cover device worn in the mouth to cover genetic openings into the nasal area, such as a cleft palate

TMJ adjustors

Calibrated position splints for wear adjustment to maintain proper vertical dimension of occlusion

Sleep apnea and anti-snore forms

Custom-made dental-positioning device for tongue and mouth position during sleep period to avoid tongue drop and oxygen cutoff

Positioners

Individual patient devices to maintain mouth or tooth position or to complete orthodontic positioning