HA

The primary nurse asks another nurse to assist in checking a client for an apical-radial pulse deficit. One nurse counts an apical pulse of 72 beats/minute while the other nurse counts a radial pulse of 88 beats/minute. Which action should the primary nurse take?

Repeating the assessment to obtain another reading is appropriate

The nurse observes that a client is experiencing melena. Which serum laboratory test should the nurse monitor in response to this finding?

Hematocrit

When obtaining a client's health history related to smoking cigarettes, the nurse plans to determine the client's smoking pack years. Which information should the nurse obtain for this calculation? Select all that apply.

Packs of cigarettes smoked per day. Number of years the client smoked.

When performing a physical assessment, palpation reveals to the clinic nurse that a client has an enlarged thyroid gland. What action should the nurse take in response to this finding?

Request diagnostic laboratory testing for the client.

The nurse is performing an admission assessment for a client with pyelonephritis who has urgency and burning while urinating. Which finding indicates an expected response when the nurse percusses the costovertebral angle?

Sharp, severe pain.

In assessing a client's level of consciousness, what should the nurse assess first?

Level of alertness

In reading a client's record, the nurse notes that the client is experiencing tinnitus. Which assessment provides the nurse with the information needed to evaluate the effects of this condition?

Perform a hearing test.

While assessing a client, the nurse notices that the client's legs are asymmetrical. Which additional physical data should the nurse collect?

Measure the length of each leg and document the findings.

The nurse examines a client's right great toe. The joint is red, edematous and very painful with a limited range of motion. The client's serum uric acid levels are elevated. Which action should the nurse tell the client to take?

Encourage fluid intake.

History and Physical Nurses' Notes

The client is a 35-year-old male with no history of any medical conditions and is in the clinic for an annual physical.

History and Physical Nurses' Notes

Hearing "roaring" sounds when auscultating as well as crackles. The client has a hairy chest. The exam is taking place behind a privacy screen there are no individual rooms with doors.

The nurse analyzes the findings.

What can the nurse do to mitigate artifacts when performing auscultation? Select all that apply.

*Reach under a gown to listen and take care that no clothing rubs on the stethoscope.

This option can help minimize clothing-related artifacts that may interfere with auscultation. Ensuring that the stethoscope is in direct contact with the skin allows for better transmission of sounds.

* Ensure the room is as quiet as possible. Ensuring the room is as quiet as possible is appropriate.

Background noise can interfere with the clarity of auscultatory sounds. Ensuring a quiet environment helps reduce external interference and improves the nurse's ability to accurately hear and interpret the sounds.

* Keep the examination room warm and warm the stethoscope. Cold temperatures can cause vasoconstriction and muscle tension, leading to increased tension in the skin and subcutaneous tissues, which may affect the quality of auscultatory sounds.

*Wet the chest hair before auscultating.

Wetting the chest hair helps reduce friction and minimize artifacts, allowing for clearer auscultatory sounds.

The nurse is performing an initial assessment of a client who has an expressionless facial affect, slurred speech, and red conjunctivae. Which question should the nurse ask first?

"Have you" been sleeping well?

The nurse observes an older adult client walking aimlessly in the hallway and staring straight ahead with a blank expression. How should the nurse enter documentation of this finding in the client's electronic medical record (EMR)?

Ambulatory and disoriented to place. Wandering behavior with flat affect

The nurse is examining the abdomen of an older male client who expresses suprapubic tenderness on palpation. The client states that it sometimes feels like there is still pressure in that area after urination. Which additional finding should the nurse expect with continued interview of the client?

A weak urinary stream

A client is seen in the emergent care clinic for right wrist pain with a pattern of ecchymosis observed on the wrist. Which motion should the nurse instruct the client to perform to assess wrist mobility?

Hyperextension and palmar flexion.

(discoloration from bleeding underneath the skin caused by bleeding)

While making a home visit, the spouse of an older client tells the nurse the client is becoming increasingly confused about past events and has started forgetting all pain dictation for osteoarthritis in the knees. Which assessment should the nurse initially perform to evaluate the client's memory?

Ask the client to recall what was consumed for lunch and breakfast.

An adult client presents with gnawing epigastric pain. The pain is worse when the client is hungry and abates after eating something. Which problem do these symptoms suggest?

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD).

A client reports experiencing stomach pain and it is localized in the middle section of the abdomen below the xiphoid process. The nurse should describe the pain as occurring in which region of the abdomen?

Epigastric region

While auscultating a client's abdomen, the nurse hears a low-pitched blowing sound in the upper midline area. Which is the likely indication of this finding?

abdominal bruits/Possible renal artery stenosis.

Normal bowel sounds would be low pitched gurgling sounds that ever 5-10 sec.

While percussing the borders of the heart, the nurse picks up an area of dullness beginning at the 5th left intercostal space and moving upward to the 2nd left intercostal space at the sternal border. What do these findings indicate?

Expected finding.

During assessment of a client's abdomen, the nurse observes that the client's umbilicus is depressed and below the surface of the abdomen. What action should the nurse take in response to this observation?

Normal findings.

The umbilicus is normally depressed and below the surface of the abdomen, so the nurse should document this as normal finding.

The nurse is assessing a client with gallstones for jaundice. Which action should the nurse perform to confirm this information?

Examine the client's sclera for icterus (Jaundice).

Icterus, or yellowing of the sclerae (the white part of the eyes), is a classic sign of jaundice

When assessing a client's range of motion, the nurse notes crepitation with movement of the left knee. Which information in the client's history is most likely related to this finding?

Degenerative disease of the knee joint

such as osteoarthritis, is a common cause of crepitation during joint movement. Osteoarthritis is characterized by the breakdown of cartilage in the joints, leading to friction between bones and resulting in crepitus. This condition is often associated with aging, repetitive stress on the joints, or underlying joint abnormalities.

An older adult male arrives at the healthcare center with lower abdominal discomfort and frequent urination. The nurse asks the client to provide a urine sample. After an extended period, the client returns with only a few drops of urine. Which action should the nurse implement?

Evaluating the client for bladder distention.

The client's symptoms of lower abdominal discomfort, frequent urination, and difficulty providing a urine sample after an extended time, along with returning with only a few drops of urine, are suggestive of potential bladder distention. Evaluating the client for bladder distention involves assessing for signs such as a visibly enlarged and palpable bladder, suprapubic discomfort or pain, and percussion of the bladder to assess for dullness, indicating fluid accumulation.

The nurse asks a female client about the proverb "Glass Houses," and she replies, "It will break the windows." Which conclusion should be documented about this client's response?

Impaired thinking

When performing a neurologic assessment on an alert client, the nurse observes that the client's pupils are both round, 3 mm in size, and respond briskly to light. Which notation should the nurse use when documenting the assessment?

PERRL stands for Pupils Equal, Round, and Reactive to Light.

In the given scenario, both pupils are equal in size, round, and demonstrate a brisk response to light, indicating normal pupillary function VS Pupils are equal, round, and reactive to light and accommodation.(know the difference between the two)

An older male client reports to the nurse that his feet are cold. Before covering the client's feet, which assessment(s) should the nurse complete? Select all that apply.

*Observe color of the feet and toes important information about circulation.

Pallor, cyanosis, or mottling may indicate inadequate blood flow or perfusion to the extremities, which could contribute to cold feet.

*Assessing the volume of the pedal pulses (such as the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses) provides information about peripheral vascular status.

Weak or absent pulses may indicate compromised circulation, contributing to cold feet.

*Palpate the dorsal surface of feet for warmth.

palpating the dorsal surface of the feet for warmth helps assess peripheral perfusion. Coolness to touch may indicate decreased blood flow to the extremities, while warmth suggests adequate circulation.

The nurse is obtaining a health history for a client before a scheduled cholecystectomy. While interviewing the client, which assessment technique should the nurse use when asking about the client's use of illegal drugs and alcohol?

Ask specifically about alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, heroin, and amounts it directly addresses the substances of concern and allows for a comprehensive assessment of the client's substance use history.

(gallbladder removal surgery)

While auscultating a client's breath sounds, the nurse hears vesicular sounds in the bases of both lungs posteriorly. Which action should the nurse take in response to this finding?

Continue with the remainder of the client's physical assessment.

An adult male client informs the nurse that he came to the clinic to see if, "Maybe I have lung cancer or something," and wants to get checked out since "I can't seem to get rid of this body-wracking dry cough that has been hanging around for the last six weeks." Which computer documentation of this client's concerns should the nurse enter?

Describes having a body-wracking dry cough" of 6 weeks duration.

A client who is admitted for an acute stroke reports the onset of a burning sensation in the hands and legs. Which action should the nurse implement to identify additional findings that are consistent with the client's paresthesia (abnormal finding)?

Evaluate the client's muscle strength and hand grips.

During an admission assessment, which approach should the nurse use to assess a client's speech patterns?

Note the client's responses during the initial interview.

In assessing an adult client, the nurse calculates the body mass index (BMI) as 14 kg/m2. Which nursing problem should be included in this client's plan of care?

Reference Range:

Underweight: BMI is less than 18.5; Normal weight: BMI is 18.5 to 24.9; Overweight: BMI is 25 to 29.9; Obese: BMI is 30 or more

Unbalanced nutrition, less than body needs

To assess a client's pupillary reaction to accommodation, what action should the nurse take?

Observe pupil size when focusing on a near object and then a far object.

A male client arrives at the clinic for follow-up health assessment after recent antibiotic treatment for pneumonia without hospitalization. Which technique should the nurse implement to assess for adventitious lung sounds?

Press the stethoscope's diaphragm firmly on the skin over each lung field.

The nurse examines a client's abdomen. Which finding indicates an abnormal response when palpating the spleen?

Firm mass palpated at bottom of left rib cage.

In auscultating for the presence of a carotid artery bruit, the nurse places the bell of the stethoscope at which location?

Place bell of stethoscope over carotid artery

Which is the best approach for the nurse to use when interviewing a client about alcohol and substance use?

Begin with questions that are less sensitive in nature.

An older adult client with a history of heart failure (HF) is brought to the clinic by a family member. Which finding(s) confirm to the nurse that the client is experiencing an exacerbation of the HF? Select all that apply

*Jugular venous distension(JVD)

fluid overload and increased central venous pressure, heart failure, impaired cardiac function and elevated systemic venous pressure

*Peripheral edema

particularly in the lower extremities, is a classic manifestation of fluid retention and congestion in heart failure exacerbations. It results from increased capillary hydrostatic pressure and impaired fluid reabsorption by the kidneys.

*Dyspnea, or shortness of breath

During the admission assessment, a male client admitted with chest pain states he has no breathing problems and no trouble sleeping at night. To obtain further data regarding possible orthopnea/shortness of breath (dyspnea), which action should the nurse take?

Ask the client how many pillows he sleeps on at night

The nurse observes the presence of brittle, concave curves to the nails of a client on assessment. Which information should the nurse obtain from the client that may explain the appearance of the nails?

iron deficiency anemia- koilonychia

which presents as brittle, concave nails with a spoon-like appearance.

While interviewing a newly admitted older female client, the nurse observes that the client ignores questions asked by the nurse, and speaks loudly to her son who brought her to the hospital. Which action should the nurse implement first?

stand directly in front of the client and ask about any hearing loss.

The nurse observes that the lower legs of a client with diabetes mellitus are shiny with no hair growth. To obtain additional data to support these findings, which assessment should the nurse perform?

Palpating the client's dorsal pedis pulses

is appropriate because shiny lower legs with no hair growth are characteristic findings of peripheral arterial disease (PAD)

When inspecting the client's skin, the nurse observes several areas of ecchymosis on the trunk and extremities. Which information in the client's history requires additional follow-up by the nurse?

Takes an oral anticoagulant

Anticoagulants such as warfarin or aspirin can interfere with the blood's ability to clot, leading to bleeding into the skin and subsequent ecchymosis

The nurse continues a neurologic assessment of the cranial nerve XI for a client. Which instruction should the nurse give the client to complete this assessment?

Shrug shoulders against resistance

spinal accessory nerve, innervates the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles.

To assess a male client's muscle strength, the nurse first asks the client to extend his arms. Before asking the client to flex his arms, what should the nurse do?

Apply resistance to the client's arms.

Patient Data

The client presents to the clinic concerns regarding the multiple areas raised noted after a camping trip over the weekend.

Red, irregularly shaped, raised areas varying in size are noted over bilateral forearms and axillary regions. The client is rubbing the areas and informs they itch a lot.

Vital signs

Temperature 98.6° F (37° C) orally

Heart rate 88 beats/minute

Respiratory rate 22 breaths/minute

Blood pressure 128/72 mm Hg

During the assessment, the nurse notes that the areas are filled with a fluid-like substance.

Which of the following primary skin lesions contain fluid? Select all that apply.

Wheal (urticaria or hives)

red or pink areas with irregular borders raised area of skin that is typically reddened and accompanied by itching. It contains fluid and is often associated with allergic reactions, insect bites, or hives.

Vesicle

small, fluid-filled blister that appears on the skin. It contains clear fluid and can be caused by various factors such as infection, allergic reactions, or friction.

Pustule

small, yellowish or white bumps on the skin pus-filled blister that appears on the skin. It contains purulent fluid (pus) and is often associated with bacterial infections such as acne or folliculitis.

A client is being evaluated for environmental allergies. While examining the client's nasal passage, which finding suggests to the nurse that the client is experiencing allergic rhinitis?

Intranasal edema and swelling of turbinate's.

Allergic rhinitis results from inflammation of the nasal mucosa in response to exposure to allergens, leading to nasal congestion and swelling of the turbinate's.

During an abdominal assessment, a client with a temperature of 103° F (39.4° C) experiences pain and abruptly stops inhaling during deep palpation. Which prescription is most important for the nurse to implement?

NPO due to possible bowel obstruction.

While completing an admission assessment for a client with gastrointestinal bleeding, the nurse inspects the perineal area and anus. Which findings indicate a normal appearance of the anus?

Increased pigmentation and coarse skin.

Color: It should be pink.

SN:Texture: There should be no lumps, bumps, or irregularities. Sensation: There should be no pain or itching associated with the anus.

When entering a client's room, the nurse observes that the client is using pursed-lip breathing. It is most important for the nurse to monitor the client for which problem?

Dyspnea (shortness of breath)

reason for using pursed-lip breathing is to help alleviate dyspnea (shortness of breath), or difficulty breathing, by promoting more effective exhalation and preventing airway collapse during expiration.

The nurse notes an enlarged, visible lymph node on the client's neck. Which action should the nurse take next?

Ask the client about any localized tenderness at the site.

The nurse completes palpitation of the abdomen on an older adult client. Which finding is considered normal for the client?

no tenderness/ peristaltic waves

An adult client exhibits an allergic reaction to an Insect bite. The nurse should observe the client's skin for which finding?

Hives or urticaria

raised, red, itchy areas of the skin that often occur as part of an allergic reaction to insect bites, medications, foods, or other allergens. Wheals are typically transient and can vary in size and shape.

Patient Data

History and Physical Nurses' Notes

The client is a 58-year-old male with a history of hypertension, respiratory infections, and long-term smoking.

Assessment is completed. The nurse notes that the nail angle is 180 degrees when viewed from the side and is spongy when palpated.

The nurse reviews client data. Select the 3 possible conditions that could have the SYMPTOMS of clubbed nails for this client

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Lung cancer, chronic bronchitis

While performing a physical assessment, the nurse is unable to palpate the client's pedal pulses. Which action should the nurse take?

Use a doppler ultrasonic stethoscope.

When evaluating a client's rectal bleeding, which findings should the nurse document?

Color characteristics of each stool.

75-year-old client with a recent history of a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) presents with right hemiparesis. The nurse tests the deep tendon reflexes on the right side and elicits a brisk 4+ response. Which interpretation of this finding is accurate?

Hyperactive response consistent with an upper motor neuron disorder.

The nurse completes palpation of the thoracic region on an adult client. Which finding is considered normal for this client?

nontender response is considered normal.

.While assessing the legs of an adult client, the nurse observes leathery-looking skin. The client reports aching, tired legs that swell if standing for long periods of time. To screen for venous insufficiency, the nurse should ask the client if they have experienced which subjective finding?

Elevation of the legs decreases swelling and helps with blood flow/Decreased pain when legs are elevated

To confirm the presence of a barrel chest documented in the client's medical record, which action should the nurse take?

Observe the appearance of the thorax

A barrel chest forms because your lungs are chronically overfilled with air and can't deflate normally. This causes your rib cage to be partially expanded at all times. This is common in COPD patients

When auscultating a client's lung sounds, the nurse hears rhonchi in the upper lung fields anteriorly. Which action should the nurse take first?

Ask the client to cough.

Coarse rattling respiratory sounds, usually caused by secretions in bronchial airways. The sounds resemble snoring. "

(low pitch gargling sound)

The nurse prepares to begin a systematic assessment of a client's heart sounds. Upon positioning the stethoscope as seen in the picture what should the nurse do first?

Identify S1 and S2 heart sounds.

1st assessment of hearts sounds is to identify S1APEX (BOOM SOUND,LUB/STYOLIC) and S2 BASE (DUB/DYSTOLIC, SOFTER SOUND) heart sounds. S1 is normally a single sound because mitral and tricuspid valve closure occurs almost simultaneously. Clinically, S1 corresponds to the pulse. The second heart sound (S2) represents closure of the semilunar (aortic and pulmonary) valves.

SN:S1(apex/top)- THE LOUDEST AND S2 (base)SOFTEST

The nurse is examining an older female client and suspects that she has a dysfunction in her hip region. Which procedure should the nurse perform to further assess for hip dysfunction?

Flex the hip and knee while standing

An adolescent female client comes to the clinic troubled by breast tenderness before her menstrual periods. On examination, the nurse notes generalized lumpiness of both breasts with no discrete masses and no nipple discharge. Which action should the nurse take?

Patient must come back to get re-evaluated

The nurse applies pressure over an area of the lower abdomen where the client reports pain. The client denies pain upon palpation, but reports pain when the pressure is released. Which action should the nurse implement?

Notify the healthcare provider of the rebound tenderness.

In assessing a client's neck, the nurse hears a blowing swish when auscultating the area over the left carotid artery but hears no sound over the right carotid artery. How should the nurse document this finding?

Left carotid artery bruit present; no bruit heard in right carotid artery

After placing a client in a supine position, the nurse uses the diaphragm of the stethoscope to auscultate bowel sounds and hears a loud, high pitched almost continuous gurgling in two quadrants. Which action should the nurse implement?

full assessment of all parts of the lungs, side by side, should be performed before taking any other action or document the findings

When systematically auscultating a client's anterior breath sounds, the nurse should begin by placing the stethoscope over which location?

Lung apex(top)

While completing a health assessment for a client being admitted with bilateral pneumonia, the nurse asks the client to describe the sputum. Which communication technique should the nurse use to obtain this information?

open-ended questioning.

While observing a client's face, which assessment finding requires immediate intervention by the nurse?

Oral mucosa is cyanotic.

In assessing tactile fremitus in the client with suspected pneumonia, the nurse should perform which action?

place the palm of the hand on the chest wall to feel vibrations while the client speaks

Which skill should the nurse have an older client demonstrate to evaluate the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL)?

Opening bar of soap, bathing, dressing, toileting transfer, continence, and feeding.

.The nurse should anticipate difficulty locating the point of maximal impulse (PMI) in which client?

Reference Range: Body mass index (BMI) Normal or healthy weight (18.5 kg/m2 to 24.9 kg

A 54-year-old who is 5 feet (152.4 cm) tall and weighs 300 pounds (136.1 kg). g/m2)].

When family members express their concern about their father's recent memory loss, which assessment should the nurse suggest?

Determine if client can recall what he ate for breakfast.

To objectively confirm the presence of fever, before taking the client's temperature, which action should the nurse take?

Dorsum of hands on client’s forehead

can help the nurse objectively confirm an increase in body temperature b/c dorsum (dorsal back hand) is more sensitive than other parts of the hand such as palm.

.The nurse assesses a client who comes to the clinic with neck stiffness and discomfort. Which finding of the cervical spine should the nurse inquire further about lifestyle habits?

Observation of cervical range of motion reveals flexion and extension is 25 degrees.

While completing an admission assessment, the nurse is unable to palpate the client's left dorsalis pedis pulse. Which intervention is most important for the nurse to implement?

review client's history for vascular disease.

The nurse is assessing a young adult female who is 5 feet 5 inches (165 cm) and has a body mass index (BMI) score of 32 kg/m2. Based on this BMI, what should the nurse deduce about this client's general health?

Patient is Obese

The nurse performs a two-point discrimination test by applying two sterile needles lightly to the fingertips and moving the needle tips in ever-closing distances. A middle-aged adult client senses two points at 3 mm (about 0.12 in) on the fingertips and 10 mm (about 0.39 in) on the palms of the hands. Which interpretation of this finding is accurate?

Normal sensory finding.

A client presents with itching and pain in the left ear that started several days after beginning swimming lessons. The nurse observes a discharge coming from the ear with a musty odor. How should the nurse expect the ear to appear when performing an otoscopic examination?

Red, edematous ear canal with no visualization of the tympanic membrane

The nurse inspects the client's fingernails. Which differentiating characteristics are observed in this assessment finding?

abnormal: A nail base angle GREATER than 180 degrees and nail plate loosened at the distal-lateral edge, progressing proximally.

A nurse is examining the deep tendon reflexes of an adult client. Which is an unexpected finding?

The toes fan out and draw back when the lateral aspect of the sole of the client's foot is stroked

Which functional change should be considered an expected finding when a nurse assesses an older adult?

Decreased cardiac output

The nurse will be performing a focused cardiac assessment. Which is the best location to evaluate the pulse?

Point of maximum intensity (PMI)

A nurse is performing an abdominal assessment on a newly admitted client. Which action should the nurse take first?

Auscultate for 5 min over each quadrant

The nurse is calculating the one-minute Apgar score for a newborn infant and determines that the heart rate is 150 beats/minute, a vigorous cry is present, muscle tone is good with total flexion, quick reflex irritability noted, and skin color is dusky and cyanotic. Which Apgar score should the nurse assign to this infant?

9

To determine the Apgar score for the newborn infant, we assess five parameters: heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color. Each parameter is scored from 0 to 2, with 2 being the highest score. Let's evaluate each parameter:

Heart rate: 150 beats/minute --> Score of 2.

Respiratory effort: Vigorous cry present --> Score of 2.

Muscle tone: Good muscle tone with total flexion --> Score of 2.

Reflex irritability: Quick reflex irritability noted --> Score of 2.

Color: Dusky and cyanotic skin color --> Score of 1.

When conducting a physical exam, the nurse uses a tuning fork to assess for which condition?

hearing loss

A woman comes to the clinic for her first prenatal visit. The nurse is conducting a health history, and the woman begins to cry when asked about previous pregnancies. Which response is best for the nurse to provide?

Offer a tissue and sit quietly until the crying subsides

The school nurse is interviewing an adolescent who wants to go home from school because of "back pain." Which question should the nurse ask first?

What were you doing when you first noticed the problem?

While the nurse is obtaining a health history, the client reports experiencing shortness of breath at times. The nurse determines that the client's respirations are regular and deep and respiratory rate is 14 breaths/minute. Which is the best nursing action?

Ask the client to describe the episodes of dyspnea in more detail.

While the nurse is taking a health history, the client announces, "I don't have time for this. This is a waste of time. I need treatment." Which response is best for the nurse to provide?

You sound angry. Would you like to tell me about it?

A clinic nurse is assessing infants and toddlers for fine and gross motor development. Which child should the nurse refer to a healthcare provider for further evaluation?

3.5-month-old with diminished Moro reflex

On the first postpartum day, the nurse examines the breasts of a new mother. Which condition is the nurse most likely to find?

Soft, with no change from before delivery

A nurse is interacting with a client who is a victim of intimate partner violence (IPV). The client reports feeling unable to leave the relationship because of the children. The nurse responds by saying, "I know this must be very difficult for you." Which type of therapeutic communication is the nurse providing?

Empathizing

A client has a prescription for vital sign measurement every four hours. The nurse observes that the client's blood pressure has increased from 140/60 mm Hg at noon to 180/90 mm Hg four hours later. Which action should the nurse implement?

Repeat the client's blood pressure measurement in fifteen minutes

The nurse is performing a neurological assessment on a client and elicits a positive Romberg's sign. The nurse makes this determination based on which observation?

A significant sway when the client stands erect with feet together, arms at the side, and the eyes closed

The nurse is teaching breast self-examination (BSE) to a client who has had a hysterectomy. The appropriate instruction regarding when the BSE would be performed is at which time?

On a specific day of the month and on that same day every month thereafter

The nurse is instructing a client in breast self-examination (BSE). The nurse tells the client to lie down and examine the left breast. The nurse would instruct the client that while examining the left breast she would place a pillow under which area?

left shoulder

The community health nurse who is conducting a teaching session about the risks of testicular cancer has reviewed a list of instructions regarding testicular self-examination (TSE) with the clients attending the session. Which statement by a client indicates a need for further instruction?

It is best to do TSE first thing in the morning before a bath or shower."

The clinic nurse is performing an assessment for a client who is complaining of shortness of breath. The client admits to smoking one pack of cigarettes per day for the past 10 years. The nurse determines that the client has a smoking history of how many pack-years?

10