Electronic Structure and Periodic Properties of Elements

Practice flashcards based on the electronic structure and periodic properties of elements.

What is a wave?

A wave is an oscillation or periodic movement that can transport energy from one point in space to another.

What are electromagnetic waves?

Waves that consist of an electric field oscillating in step with a perpendicular magnetic field.

What measures the distance between adjacent crests or troughs of a wave?

Wavelength (λ). It is measured in units like meter or nanometer.

What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency?

Higher Wavelength corresponds to Lower Frequency & vice versa.

What is the formula that relates the speed of light, frequency, and wavelength?

c = ν x λ, where c is the speed of light.

What phenomenon describes the bending of waves around obstacles?

Diffraction.

What is the Photoelectric Effect?

It states that no matter how bright the light is, if it isn’t the right frequency, it won’t work.

Who introduced the concept that light energy is quantized?

Max Planck and Albert Einstein.

What is the Rydberg Equation used for?

To predict all of hydrogen's emission lines.

What happens when an atom absorbs energy?

Electrons become excited to higher energy levels and emit light when they return to lower energy states.

What is meant by 'effective nuclear charge'?

The net positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom.

What is the trend of ionization energy across a period in the periodic table?

Ionization energy increases as we move to the right across a row.

What are core electrons?

Electrons in the innermost orbitals that do not participate in bonding.

What determines an element's metallic character?

The tendency of an element to lose electrons; it decreases across a period and increases down a group.

What is meant by paramagnetism?

A species with unpaired electrons that exhibits attraction to a magnetic field.

How are ions formed?

By the loss or gain of electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration like that of the nearest noble gas.

What does the term 'covalent radius' refer to?

It is one-half the distance between the nuclei of two identical atoms joined by a covalent bond.

What is the electron configuration of a neutral sodium atom?

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹.

What do the principal quantum numbers indicate?

The overall size and energy of an orbital.