Ex7 LIPIDS - Ex8 FIXED OILS-1

What are lipids primarily characterized by?

Their physical properties rather than their chemical properties.

What are the main types of lipids?

Simple lipids, compound lipids, and derived lipids.

What is the general use of lipids in plants?

Food and energy storage.

Name a property of lipids regarding solubility.

Insoluble in water and soluble in non-polar solvents.

What defines a simple lipid?

Esters of long-chain fatty acids and an alcohol.

What are fixed oils and fats derived from?

Esters of long-chain fatty acids and glycerol.

What is the result of hydrolysis of fixed oils and fats?

Free fatty acids leading to rancidity.

What test is used to determine the presence of lipids?

Sudan III Test.

What is the saponification value?

The number of milligrams of KOH necessary to saponify the esters contained in 1 g of oil.

What distinguishes saturated fatty acids from unsaturated fatty acids?

Saturated fatty acids have only single bonds while unsaturated have one or more double bonds.

What is an important property of compound lipids?

They have phosphoric acid, carbohydrates, or proteins.

What is the acid value of a lipid?

The number of milligrams of KOH necessary to neutralize the free acids in 1 g of oil.

What type of oil is olive oil classified as?

Monounsaturated fixed oil.

What reaction do lipids commonly undergo?

Hydrolysis and oxidation.

What is a characteristic of unsaturated fatty acids?

They contain one or more double bonds.

What is the iodine value of a substance?

Measures the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids present.

What is a use of cod liver oil?

Source of lipid-soluble vitamins.

What does the emulsification test indicate?

The ability of lipids to form emulsion when mixed with water and an emulsifier.

What determines the classification of fixed oils based on drying characteristics?

Non-drying, semi-drying, and drying oils.

What is the significance of the melting point in lipids?

It helps classify oils and fats based on saturation degree.

What is the main constituent of castor oil?

Triricinolein.

What are lipids commonly used for in the body?

Energy storage, insulation, and cellular structure.

What type of lipids are fats and oils?

They are classified as simple lipids.

How do lipids contribute to cell membranes?

They form a bilayer, providing structure and protection.

What are phospholipids?

A type of compound lipid consisting of fatty acids, glycerol, phosphoric acid, and an alcohol.

What is the role of cholesterol in the body?

Cholesterol is a type of lipid that maintains the fluidity of cell membranes.

What distinguishes compound lipids from simple lipids?

Compound lipids contain additional functional groups such as phosphoric acid, carbohydrates, or proteins.

What are derived lipids?

Lipids that are derived from simple and compound lipids, including waxes and steroids.

What is the effect of trans fat consumption?

Trans fats can increase the risk of heart disease.

What is a triglyceride?

A type of lipid formed from three fatty acids and one glycerol molecule.

How can lipids affect hormone production?

Certain lipids are precursors to hormones, influencing various physiological processes.

What is the main function of lipids in biological systems?

Energy storage, cell membrane structure, and signaling.

What are fatty acids?

Carboxylic acids with long hydrocarbon chains, which can be saturated or unsaturated.

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds.

What are omega-3 fatty acids?

Essential fatty acids that are important for heart health, found in fish and flaxseeds.

What is the significance of the melting point of fats?

It indicates the degree of saturation; unsaturated fats generally have lower melting points.

What dietary sources contain high levels of saturated fats?

Red meat, butter, cheese, and palm oil.

What compound is formed when fat is hydrogenated?

Trans fatty acids.

What is the primary structure of triglycerides?

Composed of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule.

How do lipids aid in the absorption of vitamins?

Lipids help in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K.

What is the purpose of emulsifiers in food?

They allow fats and water to mix, stabilizing emulsions like mayonnaise and salad dressings.