key drugs - MOA

Naphazoline HCL

vasoconstriction

Phenylephrine HCL

vasoconstriction

Doxazosin

vasodilates, decreases TPR, lowers BP, relaxes prostate smooth muscle

Brimonidine tartrate

lowers NE release and aqueous humor production

Clonidine

lowers NE release, sympathetic tone, and BP

Labetalol hydrochloride

blocks alpha1-, beta1-, and beta2-adrenergic receptors and reduces renin

Dopamine hydrochloride

dose dependent: low activates D1/D2 for renal vasodilation; medium activates beta1 to increase HR and contractility; high activates alpha1 for vasoconstriction

Norepinephrine bitartrate

causes vasoconstriction to increase BP

Epinephrine

causes vasoconstriction to increase BP, increases HR and contractility, relaxes lung smooth muscle

Atenolol

lowers HR and contractility

Metoprolol succinate

lowers HR and contractility

Metoprolol tartrate

lowers HR and contractility

Nebivolol hydrochloride

lowers HR and contractility

Carvedilol

vasodilates and lowers HR

Propranolol

lowers HR

Benazepril

blocks ang I to ang II, lowers aldosterone, increases renin, causes vasodilation

Enalapril maleate

blocks ang I to ang II, lowers aldosterone, increases renin, causes vasodilation

Lisinopril

blocks ang I to ang II, lowers aldosterone, increases renin, causes vasodilation

Ramipril

blocks ang I to ang II, lowers aldosterone, increases renin, causes vasodilation

Irbesartan

blocks AT1 receptor to prevent ang II effects causing vasodilation

Losartan

blocks AT1 receptor to prevent ang II effects causing vasodilation

Olmesartan

blocks AT1 receptor to prevent ang II effects causing vasodilation

Valsartan

blocks AT1 receptor to prevent ang II effects causing vasodilation

Sacubitril; Valsartan

inhibits neprilysin increasing natriuretic peptides and blocks AT1 receptor causing vasodilation

Amlodipine; Benazepril

inhibits Ca influx causing vasodilation and blocks ang I to ang II causing vasodilation

Amlodipine

inhibits Ca influx into smooth and cardiac muscle causing vasodilation

Nifedipine, extended release

inhibits Ca influx into smooth and cardiac muscle causing vasodilation

Diltiazem

inhibits Ca influx lowering contractility and HR

Verapamil hydrochloride

inhibits Ca influx lowering contractility and HR

Bumetanide

inhibits Na and Cl reabsorption in ascending loop causing diuresis

Furosemide

inhibits Na and Cl reabsorption in ascending loop causing diuresis

Torsemide

inhibits Na and Cl reabsorption in ascending loop causing diuresis

Chlorthalidone

inhibits Na reabsorption in distal tubules causing diuresis

Hydrochlorothiazide

inhibits Na reabsorption in distal tubules causing diuresis

HCTZ lisinopril

inhibits Na reabsorption in distal tubules and blocks ang I to ang II

HCTZ losartan

inhibits Na reabsorption in distal tubules and blocks AT1 receptor

HCTZ triamterene

inhibits Na reabsorption in distal tubules and spares potassium

Spironolactone

aldosterone antagonist increasing Na and water loss while conserving K

Vasopressin

stimulates V1 for vasoconstriction and V2 for water reabsorption

Atropine

blocks acetylcholine at PNS sites to increase HR and decrease secretions

Hydralazine

direct vasodilator possibly via inhibition of Ca release

Isosorbide mononitrate

NO increases cGMP causing vasodilation and reduced O2 demand

Nitroglycerin

NO increases cGMP causing vasodilation and reduced O2 demand

Sodium nitroprusside

direct venous and arteriolar vasodilation decreasing afterload

Flecainide

blocks Na channels slowing conduction and prolonging refractory period

Lidocaine hydrochloride

blocks Na channels slowing conduction and prolonging refractory period

Amiodarone

blocks K channels prolonging AP and refractory period and decreasing AV conduction

Adenosine

slows AV node conduction and increases blood flow

Digoxin

inhibits Na/K ATPase increasing Ca and contractility and lowering AV conduction

Heparin sodium, unfractionated

activates antithrombin III inhibiting thrombin and fibrin formation

Enoxaparin sodium (LMWH)

blocks factor IIa and Xa

Rivaroxaban

blocks factor Xa to inhibit platelet activation

Apixaban

blocks factor Xa to inhibit platelet activation

Argatroban

direct thrombin inhibitor preventing fibrin formation and platelet aggregation

Warfarin

inhibits VKOR lowering factors II, VII, IX, and X

Aspirin

irreversibly inhibits COX decreasing TXA2 and platelet aggregation

Clopidogrel

blocks P2Y12 preventing GPIIb/IIIa activation

Alteplase

converts plasminogen to plasmin to dissolve clots

Atorvastatin

inhibits HMG-CoA reductase lowering cholesterol and increasing LDL receptors

Lovastatin

inhibits HMG-CoA reductase lowering cholesterol and increasing LDL receptors

Pravastatin

inhibits HMG-CoA reductase lowering cholesterol and increasing LDL receptors

Rosuvastatin

inhibits HMG-CoA reductase lowering cholesterol and increasing LDL receptors

Simvastatin

inhibits HMG-CoA reductase lowering cholesterol and increasing LDL receptors

Fenofibrate

PPAR alpha agonist lowering triglycerides

Ezetimibe

blocks NPC1L1 decreasing intestinal cholesterol absorption

Evolocumab

inhibits PCSK9 increasing LDL receptor availability

Clobetasol propionate

inhibits phospholipase A2 and arachidonic acid

Hydrocortisone topical

inhibits phospholipase A2 and arachidonic acid

Methylprednisolone

suppresses leukocytes

Prednisolone sodium, prednisolone acetate

suppresses leukocytes

Prednisone

suppresses leukocytes

Adalimumab

monoclonal antibody binding TNF alpha to prevent inflammation

Infliximab

monoclonal antibody binding TNF alpha to prevent inflammation

Hydroxyzine hydrochloride (tablets)

Hydroxyzine pamoate (capsules)

Chlorpheniramine maleate

competes with histamine at H1 receptors

Olopatadine hydrochloride (ophthalmic)

inhibits histamine release

Ketotifen Fumarate Ophthalmic

inhibits eosinophil migration in conjunctiva

Lidocaine hydrochloride topical

blocks Na channels preventing nerve depolarization

Pramoxine hydrochloride

blocks Na channels preventing nerve depolarization

Bacitracin, neomycin, polymyxin B

inhibits bacterial growth

Benzoyl peroxide

radical oxygen oxidizes bacterial proteins

Adapalene

normalizes differentiation and keratinization and decreases inflammation

Salicylic acid

Terbinafine hydrochloride topical

inhibits squalene epoxidase

Ketoconazole shampoo

inhibits fungal CYP and ergosterol synthesis

Miconazole nitrate

damages fungal cell wall and inhibits ergosterol synthesis

Tolnaftate

stunts fungal growth

Timolol maleate (ophthalmic)

reduces aqueous humor production

Bimatoprost

increases aqueous humor outflow

Latanoprost

increases aqueous humor outflow

Carbamide peroxide Otic agent

releases hydrogen peroxide to break down ear wax

Dextromethorphan polistirex

sigma receptor stimulation suppressing cough center

Guaifenesin

increases mucus hydration

Nicotine polacrilex (gum), nicotine patches

stimulates cortex and limbic reward system

Phytonadione

promotes synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, X

Potassium Chloride

essential for nerve impulse conduction in heart, brain, and muscle

Magnesium sulfate

decreases neuromuscular excitability

Sodium bicarbonate

raises blood and urinary pH

Sodium chloride

maintains fluid and electrolyte bal