The big unit pe Dance + Chem.

Ball change

A quick transfer of weight from one foot to another.

Grapuine

A travelling step that crosses one foot behind or in front of the other.

Triplet

A three step traveling pattern.

Syncopation

Moving on unexpected or off-beat rhythms.

Contraction

Pulling the abdomen muscles inward to contract the spine.

Extension

Stretching a leg or an arm away from the body with control.

Fan kick

A high kick that moves in circular 'fan' motion across the body.

Jazz Square

A four step pattern that crosses one foot over the other, steps back, steps to the side and closes.

Chaine

(chain) a series of linked turns done on relevé.

Turn out

Rotation of the legs outward from the hips.

Alignment

Proper posture and body placement.

Core

The muscles of the abdomen and back that support balance.

Jazz walk

Stylized walk on the balls of the feet.

Pivot

Both feet are planted and a swivel turn on the balls of the feet.

Chassé

(to Chase) Step, together, step - traveling.

Pas de bourré

(Braided Step) back, side, front - traveling.

Pirouette

Turn with one leg in passé.

6 Step

Preparation for a turn that travels.

Port de bras

Presentation of the arms.

Plié

To bend the knees.

Relevé

Rising onto the balls of the feet from plié.

Élevé

Rising onto the balls of the feet without bending the knees.

Tendu

To stretch the foot along the floor until only the toe touches.

Dégagé

To brush the foot off the floor a few inches.

Pond de Jambe

A circular movement of the leg.

Battement

A kick.

Passé

The foot passes through to the three of the supporting leg.

Spotting

Focusing the eyes on one point while turning.

First Position

Heels together, toes turned out.

Second Position

Feet apart, turned out.

Third Position

One foot placed into the arch of the other foot.

Fourth Position

One foot in front of the other with space between them.

Fifth Position

The heel of one foot touches the toes of the other foot.

Octet Rule

Atoms share, lose, or gain electrons to have eight valence electrons.

Orbitals

Regions around the nucleus of an atom where there is a high probability of finding a pair of electrons.

Pauli Exclusion Principle

If two electrons occupy the same orbital, they must have opposite spin.

Photon

A fundamental particle with no mass or charge that acts as the basic unit or 'packet' of light and all other forms of electromagnetic radiation.

Valence Electron

Electrons in the outer shell orbital of an atom that can participate in chemical bonding with other atoms.

Visible Light

A form of electromagnetic radiation that behaves as both a wave and a particle and can be detected by the human eye.

Wavelength

The length of one complete wave cycle, measured as the distance between two consecutive peaks on a wave.

Hypothesis

A tentative, testable explanation for a natural phenomenon.

Ion

An atom or bonded group of atoms with a positive or negative charge.

Isotope

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Lanthanides

Chemical elements with atomic numbers 57 through 71, known for their rare earth properties.

Malleable

A material that can be hammered or pressed permanently into thin sheets without breaking.

Mass Number

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

Metalloids

Elements with physical and chemical properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals.

Metals

Hard, shiny materials that are good conductors of heat and electricity.

Model

A physical, mathematical, or conceptual representation of a real-world system, object, or process.

Mole

A standard unit of measurement used to count very small particles like atoms, molecules, or ions.

Neutron

A neutral subatomic particle in an atom's nucleus.

Non-metals

Typically gases or dull, brittle solids that are poor conductors of heat and electricity.

Percent Abundance

The percentage amount of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element.

Period

A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table.

Physical Properties

Characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance.

Proton

A subatomic particle in an atom's nucleus that has a positive charge.

Scientific Law

A statement that describes an observed pattern or action in nature.

Scientific Theory

A comprehensive explanation of a natural phenomenon that has been rigorously tested and supported by substantial evidence.

Transition Metals

Chemical elements in groups 3-12 of the periodic table that have a partially filled d sub-shell.

Aufbau Principle

Each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital available.

Electromagnetic Radiation

Energy that travels through space and spreads out as it goes.

Electromagnetic Spectrum

The full range of all types of electromagnetic radiation, organized by frequency and wavelength.

Electron Configuration

Describes the arrangement of electrons in atoms.

Electronegativity

A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.

Energy Levels

Specific, fixed amounts of energy that electrons can have when they orbit the nucleus.

Frequency

The number of cycles a wave undergoes per second, expressed in units of 1/s or Hz.

Ground State

The lowest allowable energy state of an electron.

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

States that it is impossible to precisely know both the velocity and the position of a particle at the same time.

Hund's Rule

Single electrons with the same spin must occupy each equal-energy empty orbital before pairing.

Lewis Dot Diagram

An element symbol surrounded by dots representing the atom's valence electrons.

Actinides

A series of 15 radioactive elements in the periodic table, ranging from actinium to lawrencium.

Alkali Metals

Soft, shiny, and reactive metals in group 1, excluding hydrogen.

Alkaline Earth Metals

Shiny, silvery-white, and reactive metals in group 2 on the periodic table.

Alpha Particle

A positively charged particle identical to a helium nucleus that is one of the common emissions of radioactive decay.

Atom

The smallest particle of an element that retains all the properties of that element.

Atomic Mass

The weighted average mass of the isotopes of an element.

Atomic Mass Unit

The standard unit that indicates mass on a molecular scale.

Atomic Number

This is equal to the number of protons in an atom.

Avogadro's Number

The exact physical constant of 6.02214076 x 10^23, representing the number of constituent particles found in exactly one mole of a given substance.

Cathode Ray Tube

Used by J.J. Thompson to discover the electron.

Chemical Properties

Characteristics of a substance that can only be observed or measured when it changes into a different substance.

Conductor

A material that allows energy, such as electricity or heat, to easily flow through it.

Ductile

A substance that can be stretched into wire or pulled into a new shape without breaking.

Electron Cloud

The region of negative charge surrounding an atomic nucleus where electrons are most likely to be found.

Element

A pure substance that cannot be broken down by physical or chemical means.

Group

A vertical column of elements in the periodic table.

Halogens

Chemical elements from group 17 of the periodic table that react with metals to form salts.