dcush unit 2

Independence from Britain/ Early government

Salutary Neglect

when Britain loosely controlled America (more self government)

Effect- led to self government and eventually resistance to British rule

No taxation without representation

Idea that you could not tax someone without their consent through elected representatives who have a say in laws and policies being made 

Sugar Act

taxes on things like sugar and molasses to help pay off Britain's debt from the 7 years war.

Reaction- began arguments about no tax wo rep. Also started boycotts on british goods

Stamp Act

tax on documents, papers, and playing cards represented by a stamp.

Reaction- violent protests, boycott on british goods, formed the Stamp Act Congress

Stamp Act protests

argued no tax without rep. Anywhere from organized boycotts to violent protests. 

Stamp Act Congress

Meeting of the delegates in order to protest the stamp act.

Colonies treatment by British Government after 7 years war

More control over the colonies. Added sugar and stamp act. (pay off debts). Proclamation of 1763.

Proclamation of 1763

What is it- line (appalachian mountains) banning colonial settlement west.

Effects- angered colonists. Factor of american revolution. 

Declatory Act

Declared that parliament could essentially do whatever they wanted and create whatever laws they wanted to. 

Reasons- to have more power

Townshed Acts

Tax on imports like glass, paint, and tea. Passed after stamp act was repealed. 

Reaction- protests and boycotts. 

Direct Tax

Tax paid directly from person to government.

Why British placed direct taxes in colonies

More money to pay for french and indian war and other national debts. Bo

Boston Massacre

5 colonists killed by British soldiers after a confrontation.

Effects- made colonists more against british rule. 

Intolerable Acts

Causes- punish massachusetts for the boston tea party

closed boston harbor, restricted self government by making it royal with an appointed governor, forced quartering of brit soldiers

Effects- united the colonies to go against Britain

First Continental Congress

Delegates met up to discuss going against British rule specifically after intolerable acts.

Actions- issued a declaration of rights and grievances

Lexington and Concord

First battle of the American Revolution. ¨shot heard round the world¨

Second Continental Congress

Actions- created continental army and appointed George Washington as commander

Purpose- act as the government for the colonies (whether right or wrong) during the american revolution.

Olive Branch Petition

Avoid war w great britain. Final plea for peace and reconciliation sent by 2nd continental congress to King George

Common Sense

written by Thomas Paine to explain why America should be seperated from Britain

Declaration of Independence

To severe political ties w britain.  Announce formation of new independent nation.

Grievences of the Declaration of Independence

things like no tax without representation, etc

Came from- their unfair experiences with british rule.

Early battles results

Early battles like Lexington and Concord or Bunker Hill victories sparked public support.

Partiots

Colonists that wanted independence from Britain (self-gov and liberty) (south)

Loyalists

Colonists that remained loyal to the crown (North)

Heissians Mercenaries

German soldiers hired by Britain to fight in the American Revolution

Battle of Trenton

George Washington's forces snuck an attack at the Hessians

(US won)

Valley Forge

Winter camp for George Washington's forces. Had shortages of food and clothes leading to diseases and death.  

Battle of Saratoga

British was attempting to cut off New England from other colonies. (US won)

French support

The French provided money, soldiers, and naval powers. This allowed the US to survive

why British moved south

Gain control of their lucrative crops and exploit the loyalists power

Battle of Yorktown

American and French forces trapped the British general in Yorktown. (France and US won) (final battle)

why America won

The help from France, American perseverance, and avoiding decisive defeats.

Treaty of Paris

Agreement signed to give America independence from Britain.

Shays rebellion

In Massachusetts. Response to economic injustice and high taxes. (US won)

fed gov powers under AOC

Very limited powers. States had most authority. Single-branch fed gov was kept to avoid tyranny under british rule. 

Ratification of the constitution

9/13 states. To replace the weak AOC with a stronger, more effective central government. 

3/5 compromise

Counted each slave as ⅗ a person when determing the number of reps in the house of reps. 

Northwest ordinance

Est a government for the northwest US territory. Established a process for admitting new states to the union. Gave fundamental rights. (inclu public education and prohibiting slavery in new states)

James Madison

Father of constitution. Drafted us constitution. Fourth president. Author in the federalist papers. 

Virginia Plan

Proposal for a strong national government with a 2 house legislature. Representation based on state population.

New Jersey Plan

Advocated for equal representation in all states in a new national government rather than based on population. 

Great Compromise

Agreement that created a 2 house congress with house of representatives based on population and a senate with equal rep  for all states.

Federalists

Supported constitution, pro british, strong central government, national bank

Alexander Hamilton and John Adams

Anti- Federalists

Supported bill of rights, pro france, power to the states, no national bank

Patrick henry and george mason

Federalists papers

85 essays written by hamilton, madison, and john jay to persuade people to ratify the constitution