Chapter 10 - Stress Responses and Stress Management

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)

Experiences that sensitize individuals to stress in later life, including abuse, violence against a parent, and living with individuals with mental illness or substance use disorders.

Fight-or-Flight Response

A physiological response that prepares the body for perceived threats, resulting in increased heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate.

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

A model describing the body's short-term and long-term responses to stress, consisting of three stages: Alarm, Resistance, and Exhaustion.

Distress

Negative stress that results in feelings of anxiety, depression, confusion, and fatigue.

Eustress

A positive form of stress that can motivate individuals and lead to positive feelings.

Physiological Stressors

Stressful events stemming from environmental or physical sources.

Psychological Stressors

Stressful events that arise from psychological factors, often involving mental or emotional strain.

Social Support

The perception or reality of being cared for, valued, and part of a social network that can provide assistance during times of stress.

Coping Styles

Strategies individuals use to manage stress, including health-sustaining habits, life satisfaction, and social support.

Relaxation Techniques

Methods used to reduce stress levels, including deep breathing, guided imagery, and mindfulness.

Cognitive Reframing

A cognitive technique that involves changing one's perspective on a stressful situation in order to lower stress levels.

Social Readjustment Rating Scale

A measure that assesses the impact of life changes on stress levels over a year, developed by Holmes and Rahe.

Health-Sustaining Habits

Behaviors that promote physical and mental well-being, contributing to effective stress management.

Mindfulness

A relaxation technique that involves focusing on the present moment and accepting it without judgment.

Biofeedback

A technique that uses electronic monitoring to convey information about physiological functions, helping individuals gain control over certain bodily functions to reduce stress.

Guided Imagery

A relaxation technique that involves visualizing peaceful scenes or scenarios to promote relaxation and reduce stress.

Progressive Relaxation

A method of relaxation that involves tensing and then relaxing each muscle group in the body.

Alarm Stage (GAS)

The first stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome, where the body recognizes a threat and activates the sympathetic nervous system.

Resistance Stage (GAS)

The second stage of General Adaptation Syndrome, characterized by sustained resistance to stressors and potential recovery.

Exhaustion Stage (GAS)

The final stage of General Adaptation Syndrome, where resources are depleted and the stress may become chronic.