CompTIA Network + IP Addressing

Internet Protocol (IP) Address

An assigned numerical label that is used to identify Internet communicating devices on a computer network

Multicast Address

A logical identifier for a group of hosts in a computer network

Subnetting

The process of taking a larger network portion and subdividing it into smaller portions

Classful Mask

Default subnet mask for a given class of IP addresses

Classless Mask

Used to borrow some of the host bits from an IPv4 address

CIDR

Classless Inter-Domain Routing

CIDR Notation

Classless Inter-Domain Routing Notation

Public (Routable)

Unique IP address assigned to each device on the Internet that allows it to communicate with other devices using IPv4

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)

Globally manages and leases publicly routable IP addresses

Private (Non-Routable)

Used within a local network that allows for the communication between devices within that network without usinig a public Ip address

Network Address Translation (NAT)

Method used in networking that allows a single device to act as an agent between the Internet (public network) and a local network (private)

Request for Comments (RFCs)

Formal publication from the Internet Society and the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) #1918

Loopback Address (Localhost)

Specialized IP address assigned as 127.0.0.1

Automatic Private IP Addresses (APIPA)

Addresses that are assigned by the OS when the network’s DHCP server is unavailable and an IP address has not been statically assigned by the system

Dora

Discover, Offer, Request, Acknowledge. Used by APIPA

Unicast

Data travels from a single source device to a single destination device

Multicast

Data travels from a single source device to multiple (but specific) destination devices

Broadcast

Data travels from a single source device to all devices on a destination network

Static Assignment

Manually typing in the IP address for the host, its subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server

Dynamic Assignment

Dynamic allocation of IP addresses

Domain Name System (DNS)

Converts the domain names used by a website to the IP address of its server

Windows Internet Name Service (WINS)

Identifies NetBios systems on a TCP/IP network and converts those NetBIOS names to IP addresses

Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP)

Dynamically assigns IP addresses and allows a workstation to load a copy of the boot image over the network

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

Assigns an IP based on an assignable scope or pool of addresses and provides the ability to configure numerous other options within it

Automatic Private IP addressing (APIPA)

Used when a device does not have a static IP address or cannot reach a DHCP server

Zero Configuration (ZEROCONF)

A newer technology based on APIPA which provides a lot of the same features and some new ones

Subnetting

TGaking a large network and splitting it up into smaller networks

Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)

Shorthand notation used to summarize continuous networks called using route aggregation

Variable-Length Subnet Mask (VLSM)

Allows subnets of various sizes to be used and requires a protocol that supports it

Address Exhaustion

Running out of network addresses in IPv4

Unicast Address

Used to identify a single interface

Globally-routed

Similar to IPv4s unicast class A,B, and C addresses and begins with 2000-3999

Link-local/Local Use

Used like a private IP in IPv4 that can only be used on the local area network and begins with FE80

Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC)

Eliminates the need to obtain addresses or other configuration information from a central server

Multicast Address

Used to identify a set of interfaces and begins with FF

Anycast Address

Used to identify a set of interfaces so that a packet can be sent to any member of a set

Extended Unique Identifier (EUI)

Allos a host to assign itself a unique 64-bit IPv6 interface identifier called EUI-64

DHCPv6 Protocol

Allows DHCP to automatically assign addresses from a DHCPv6 server

Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP)

Used to determine the Layer 2 addresses that are on given network

Anycast

Data travels from a single source device to the device nearest to multiple (but specific) destination devices

Dual Stack

Network architecture that allows the coexistence and simultaneous operatoin of both IPv4 and IPv6 protocols on the same network infrastructure

Tuneling

Method used to enable the communication of one network protocol within another by encapsulating packets of a different protocol

NAT64

Network address translation mechanism that allows IPv6-only devices to communicate with IPv4 servers and services

NAT64 Gateway

Sits at the edge of the IPv6 network