product design exam

What are the four stages of the Double Diamond?

1. Discover – explore the problem (divergent)
2. Define – narrow the problem (convergent)
3. Develop – explore solutions (divergent)
4. Deliver – finalise solution (convergent)

What type of thinking is used in the Double Diamond?

• Divergent: Creative, idea generation
• Convergent: Critical, decision-making
  Both are used in both diamonds.

What is divergent thinking?

• Broad, creative exploration
• Brainstorming, visualisation, SCAMPER
• Outcome: More ideas and possibilities

What is convergent thinking?

• Narrowing down, making decisions
• Evaluation, research, final drawings
• Outcome: Best ideas selected and refined

What are visualisation drawings?

• Quick, rough sketches of ideas

• Show parts or whole product

• Annotated, coloured, influenced by research

What are design options?

• 3D presentation-style drawings

• Annotated to show brief requirements, materials, processes

• Include end-user feedback and evaluation criteria

What are working drawings?

• 2D, technical drawings to scale

• Show sizes, components, placements

• Used to guide accurate production

What should be included in design research?

• Annotated images with influence

• Visuals drawn near research

• Correct attribution of IP

What is iteration in design?

• Repeating and improving design

• Through prototypes, testing, user feedback

• Leads to a better final product

What are the 5 components of a scheduled production plan?

1. Production steps

2. Timeline

3. Materials and costs

4. Risk assessment

5. Quality measures and justification

What is the purpose of a risk assessment in production?

• Identifies hazards

• Lists control measures

• Helps ensure safety and quality

What are the eight product design factors?

1. Need or opportunity

2. Market

3. Function

4. Product lifecycle

5. End user

6. Technologies

7. Aesthetics

8. Ethical considerations

What does “scope” mean in relation to the factors?

The extent of what is covered under each factor – used to write briefs and evaluation criteria, and analyse designs.

What’s the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?

• Qualitative: Opinions, feelings (e.g. interviews)

• Quantitative: Measurable data (e.g. cost, weight tests)

What is end-user feedback used for?

• To evaluate design ideas or prototypes

• Helps refine designs before final production

How can sustainability be analysed in product design?

• Consider materials, processes, disposal methods

• Research company practices and LCA (Life Cycle Analysis)

What are some ethical considerations in design?

• Impact on environment, workers, consumers

• Legal and sustainability responsibilities

Name and describe three types of timber.

• Pine (softwood) – lightweight, easy to cut

• Oak (hardwood) – strong, durable

• Plywood (manufactured) – layered, stable

What are common plastic types and their uses?

• Acrylic – rigid, transparent, good for display

• HDPE – tough, used in bottles

• Thermoplastic – reshaped with heat

What are key properties of materials?

• Absorbent, durable, flexible, rigid

• Conductive/insulating, water-resistant, breathable, recyclable

Name 5 construction/production processes.

1. Laser cutting

2. Soldering

3. Vacuum forming

4. Laminating

5. Sewing (e.g. French seams)

What should you include in a construction plan?

• Steps, timeline, materials & cost, risk assessment, quality goals