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Delegated Powers
Powers granted to the national government, including expressed, implied, and inherent powers.
Expressed Powers
Powers specifically listed in the Constitution, such as coin money, declare war, and tax.
Enumerated Powers
Another name for expressed powers.
Implied Powers
Powers not specifically listed, but necessary to carry out expressed powers, derived from the Necessary & Proper Clause.
Elastic Powers
Another name for implied powers.
Inherent Powers
Powers held by the government simply because it is sovereign, such as immigration control.
Concurrent Powers
Powers shared by national and state governments, including taxing and law enforcement.
10th Amendment
States that powers not delegated to the U.S. are reserved to the states or the people.
Supremacy Clause
Establishes that federal law is the supreme law of the land, affirmed in McCulloch v. Maryland.
Republican Form of Government
Required by Article IV, Section 4 for representation.
Keeping Peace in States
Ensures order and protection from threats within states.
Respect for Territorial Integrity
The federal government must recognize state boundaries.
Enabling Act
Allows a U.S. territory to draft a state constitution.
Act of Admission
Law that officially makes a territory a state.
Grants-in-Aid
Federal funds provided for state programs and projects.
Project Grants
Competitive grants allocated for specific purposes, such as research or public health.
State Aid to National Gov
State responsibilities including conducting elections, processing naturalization, and assisting law enforcement.
Interstate Compacts
Agreements made between states for cooperation, such as Parolee Supervision or Juvenile Compact.
Full Faith & Credit Clause
Requires states to recognize the laws and records of other states.
Exceptions to Full Faith & Credit
Criminal cases and certain out-of-state divorces may be exempt.
Williams v. North Carolina
Ruling that states can reject out-of-state divorces if residency isn't established.
Extradition
The process of returning a criminal to the state where the crime occurred.
Privileges & Immunities Clause
States cannot unreasonably discriminate against residents of other states.
Legal Discrimination by States
Examples include higher out-of-state tuition and residency requirements for benefits.
Necessary & Proper Clause
Allows Congress to make laws needed to carry out expressed powers, established in McCulloch v. Maryland.
