SOCI Chapter 10- ED

schooled society

refers to ways in which the education system has fundamentally changed in modern society.

• A term coined by Scott Davies and Neil Guppy

There are three main reasons why Davies and Guppy theorized

this concept

1. They believed there was a growth in modern schooling in Canada, particularly mass enrolment in post-secondary education.

2. They believed schooling has become increasingly important to modern life.

3. The forms and function of education are increasing and diversifying in our modern schooled society

modern schools are seen as..

ways to solve a myriad ( big number) of social problems

Schools are supposed to teach the basics, such as reading,

writing and arithmetic, and now they are also expected to

teach topics such as…

media literacy and environmental responsibility.

french immersion

made to deal with the issues of national integration and supporting new policies

educational insit are controlled by the government and

private providers

differences between public school and private may..

amplify inequalities

Manifest functions

are the obvious and intended functions, intended

– E.g. teaching basic knowledge and skills like math and reading

Latent functions

are its unintended consequences.

3 functions of ed

1. socialization

2. selection ( of people into employment)

3. legitimation ( of certain types of knowledge into society)

Durkheim, Marx, and Weber see these 3 functions as..

integral to modern society

Durkheim

focused on the socializing role of the ed system

Durkheim argued universal education serves…

the needs of society in a number of ways

Durkheim beleived (3)

schools convey basic knowledge and skills that will benefit society in general.

Individuals need skills to fill the occupational roles they will take on later in life.

Durkheim believed one’s education should be aligned with

one’s occupational aspirations.

education acts as a..

social glue by young people learning the norms and valuses of society and the importance of following these rules

moral education

society perpetually re-creates the conditions of its very existance

schooling

systematic socialization of the young generation

socialization

when kids are given grades and gold stars for following the rules

2 types of societies

1. mechanical solidarity ( everyone is similar)

2. organic solidarity ( dissimilar but independent)

Durkheim says religion as a source of moral guidance based on

mechanical solidarity

Durkheim say ed was a way to morally integrate people into society based on

organic solidarity

The average Canadian youth spends ___ of each weekday in

school.

30%

Education socializes children into the mainstream so

society successfully..

reproduces itself

how does selection work?

the ed system selects individuals by awarding badges of ability

Weber argued

schools are based on bureaucracies and work to

confer status and prestige.

• Bureaucracies in education aren’t necessarily a bad thing when

they produce degrees efficiently.

The rise in bureaucracies has also meant a growing need for individuals to have..

certification for specific occupations.

• Weber highlighted how this specialization leads to an increasingly

complicated set of certifications and degrees that prevent certain

people from entering a trade or profession.

Collins referred to Weber’s observation as

credentialing, when a qualification or competence is issued to an individual by a party with the authority to do so.

• High-status groups maintain their privileged position by

acquiring more education and educational credentials and

keeping others from these routes to upward mobility.

rationalization

weber was interested in the rise of rationalization

way of solving problems based on 4 main factors

1. predictability

2. calculability

3. efficiency

4. control

are bureaucracies rationalized

highly, they are predictable and efficient

bureaucracies

a gove in which most important decisions is made by the state officials rather than elected reps

ex: unis using student #s to be fair

by limiting the number of people who enter a field by requirements, it reduces..

competition and keeps their pay and job security high

Education legitimates

certain kinds of knowledge and divisions

in society

Egerton Ryerson

promoted the idea of a free universal school system but had bad motives

to produce order, social control, and avert ethnic
conflict

Ryerson thought ed could

assimilate the aliens into dominant protestant culture

hes racist

did karl marx beleive ed maintained equality

no, inequality and the power of capitalists

Marx argued that schools work to reproduce class relations

and the capitalist order

Curriculum

a planned interaction of pupils with instructional content, materials, resources, and processes for evaluating attainment of ed objectives

Marx believed ideas supportive of the ruling class were

disseminated through the official curriculum and the

hidden curriculum.

Hidden curriculum

lessons are those that schools unintentionally taught students, such as obedience, being hard working

ed dulls the lower class into

being obedient workers

ex be quiet and raise your hand

Marx saw the education system as encouraging and

fostering conformity to authority

meritocracy

a society in which individuals achieve based on their personal merit.

does research show ed system to be meritocratic?

no

kids from lower ses do _____ in ed compared to higher ses

worse

Largest and most persistent inequality in educational outcomes

is based on

social class

High-income Canadians

are more likely to attend higher

education and earn degrees than low-income Canadians.

3 reasons low income fam does not succeed ed

Differential expectations: parents in low-income families may have

different expectations and values than high-income families.

– Differential association: children from low-income backgrounds are

less likely to have role models who were high achievers.

– Differential preparation: students from high-income families had

more opportunities tutoring, educational trips, and books and

newspapers

Streaming

the practice of placing students with comparable skills or

needs together

streaming advan (3)

It allows students to advance according to their ability, thus helping to preserve

their interest and incentive to perform.

– Teachers can adapt their teaching styles and materials to the types of students in

their classes.

– Bright students won’t be bored or slowed down; they’ll be motivated and

engaged.

streaming dis (1ish)

The stigma of being organized into lower-performing classes might

discourage the learning of students in these classes.

– This is referred to as a self-fulfilling prophecy, where students who are told they perform poorly, in turn, perform poorly

kids with higher ses parents

• parent are knowledgeable

• have the means

• parents are better integrated within the school

• parents encourage their kids to challenge themselves

why are women more involved in ed

• decrease of religion

• changing norms of marriage and kids

• birth control- gaining more control over their reproductive rights through birth control is another way

3 kinds of capital

1. economic

2. social- The collective value of all one’s social networks.

   – Who you know and the “norms of reciprocity” that develop between

   people who know each other.

   – Having wide social networks can help us foster trust among people,

   provide resources and information, and lead to cooperation

cultural- Comprised of the behaviours, knowledge, and values that indicate your social class

pierre bourdieu

cultural capital is the cultural knowldge that we learn over the course of our lives that confess power and status

marx

ed system reflects the expereince and intrests of the dom class in soceity

3 cons of degrees

1. Earning more money and less likely to fall into unemployment.

2. Benefits from earning a degree is not equally distributed across groups in Canada.

Countries that spend a lot on education …

hope that this money will lead to better educational outcomes and higher graduation rates

ed is a right campaign

started by canadian students who were concerned with rising tuition fees and debt