Endocrine System

What is the main function of the endocrine system?

Controls and regulates metabolic processes in the body.

Why is the endocrine system called the “powerhouse” of the body?

Because it regulates key processes that keep the body functioning properly

Which endocrine gland produces thyroid hormones?

Thyroid gland

What is another name for the pituitary gland?

Hypophysis

What is the main role of the pituitary gland?

Regulates other endocrine glands in the body.

How many lobes does the pituitary gland have

Two lobes—anterior and posterior

Which lobe of the pituitary is called the “master gland”?

Anterior pituitary

What controls the anterior pituitary gland?

The hypothalamus

What is hypopituitarism (GH deficiency)?

pituitary gland doesn’t produce enough growth hormone → inhibiting growth in all cells of the body.

What is the primary site of dysfunction in GH deficiency?

The hypothalamus

How is GH deficiency diagnosed in children?

1. evaluating child, parental, and familial growth patterns

2. checking pituitary GH reserves

3. skeletal surveys (<3 yrs)

4. hand–wrist x-rays for ossification centers

What is the main treatments for GH deficiency?

• MAIN - Biosynthetic growth hormone (injections) 

• Other hormone replacements as needed

  • Thyroid extract

  • Cortisone

  • Testosterone or estrogens and progesterone

What are key nursing considerations for children with GH deficiency?

1. Identify growth problems early

2. support the family

3. address body image concerns

4. prepare the child for daily injections

5. consider cost and insurance coverage

What happens in pituitary hyperfunction before the epiphyseal growth plates close?

Excess growth hormone causes overgrowth of long bones, leading to extreme height (up to 8 feet). (giganticism)

What physical signs are seen in children with GH excess?

1. Tall stature

2. vertical growth

3. rapid/increased muscle development

4. head circumference enlarged with delayed fontanel closure

What causes acromegaly?