Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration, Cycles of Matter quiz

Carbon cycles through what processes?

Cellular respiration and photosynthesis

What plays a direct role in the nitrogen cycle?

Bacteria, Legumes, and Decomposers

What do producers release into the air during photosynthesis?

Oxygen

Which substance is not recycled into the atmosphere?

Phosphorus

What is the building block of proteins made from nitrogen?

Amino acids

In an ecosystem energy moves ____ while matter ____, __________vs. ____________

In one direction v. cycles

Burning recycles elements to where?

Atmosphere

Is climate a biotic or abiotic factor?

Abiotic

The original of almost all energy is

the sun

Photosynthesis equation

6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

Cellular Respiration

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ --> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP

Control group

A group in the experiment which a variable is not being tested.

Controlled variable

Variable in scientific experiment that constant (controlled) and unchanged.

Independent variable

Variable that stands alone and isn't changed by the other variables you are trying to measure.

Dependent variable

What you measure in the experiment and what is affected during the experiment.

Why do plants need nitrogen?

It is a major component of chlorophyll, the compound by which plants use sunlight energy to produce sugars from water and carbon dioxide (i.e., photosynthesis).

What macromolecule needs phosphorus to be built?

Nucleic Acids (CHONP)

Name two cell organelles that should be associated with the production of energy.

Mitochondria (Cellular Respiration)

Chloroplasts (Photosynthesis)

Aerobic

Includes oxygen

Anaerobic

Does not include oxygen

Two types of fermentation

Alcoholic fermentation: wine production, yeast cells

Lactic Acid Fermentation: yogurt bacteria, exercise

What organism uses fermentation and is involved in the baking of bread?

The microorganism of Yeast

Why do people sometimes get cramps during intense exercise?

This burning sensation is associated with a buildup of acid in the muscles during intense exercise, as they are undergoing Lactic acid Fermentation. (no oxygen)

What is ATP? What is it used for?

The source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level. Used to store energy for future reactions or be withdrawn to pay for reactions when energy is required by the cell. Plants capture and store the energy they derive from light during photosynthesis in ATP molecules.

How many ATP molecules are made during fermentation?

Two molecules of ATP per glucose molecule.

How many ATP molecules are made during aerobic cellular respiration?

38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule. (2 from glycolysis, 2 from the Krebs cycle, and about 34 from the electron transport system)Glu

Glucose is broken down (Glycolysis) in the cytoplasm of a cell. Where in the cell do the remaining steps of cellular respiration occur?

In the Krebs cycle and then electron transport chain of the mitochondria.

If you wanted your muscle cells to make more ATP what would you need more of?

Creatine Phosphate (with oxygen)

After animals eat what do they breath out?

Carbon dioxide

How could you decrease carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

Be more sustainable by using renewable energy sources and planting more trees.

What is nitrogen fixation? What organism makes this possible?

The process by which nitrogen is taken from its molecular form (N₂) in the atmosphere and converted into nitrogen compounds useful for other biochemical processes. Nitrogen Fixation is possible because od Free-Living Heterotrophs, such as heterotrophic bacteria.

What is chlorophyll? Which color of light is not absorbed by chlorophyll?

Pigment that captures light energy by absorbing light of specific wavelengths. It does not absorb green.

Name some of the main parts of the chloroplast

The three distinct membranes (the outer membrane, the inner membrane, and the thylakoid membrane) that define three separate internal compartments (the intermembrane space, the stroma, and the thylakoid).