Psychology Exam 1

Structuralism

Approach to human science that attempts to analyze specific fields as a complex system of interrelated parts; the structure is what determines the position of each element as a whole; process of what breaks down our experiences into element (separated & structured distictions)

Functionalism

Mental state that is constituted by their causal relations to one another, and to sensory inputs and behavioral outputs; brains take our lived experiences, and by that, that is the type of behavior you put out. i.e. family, religion, education, and media)

Behaviorism

Based on the proposition that all things which organisms do, such as acting, thinking, and feeling, can and should be regarded as behaviors. No philosophical differences between actions (publicable service practices) and private thoughts and feelings; Our behavior (human and animal) is a response to out environment (including objects, events, and changes)

Cognitive

Information processing and the view of psychological functions; i.e. level (old people testing before entering funeral home)

Humanistic

Affirmation that the dignity and worth of people is all found by human investigation (right from wrong); it is our human nature to seek out what is true, right, moral, and wrong)

Psychologist

An expert in psychology (behavior and cognition)

Psychiatrist

A physician with a medical degree that offers therapy sessions and pharmacological care

Psychoanalysist

Specializes in thoughts and feelings

Psychotherapist

expert in behavioral practices; digs deep into the client’s thoughts to discover the roots of their problems

Social Influence

When actions or thoughts of an individual are changed by another individual

Attitude

Hypothetical construction that represents an individual’s like or dislike for an item (can be positive, negative, or neutral)

Prejudice

Making a pre-judgement; making a decision before becoming aware of the facts

Discrimination

Prejudicial treatment of a person or group based on certain characteristics or ethnic variations

Prosocial Behavior

Voluntary behavior intended to benefit another (helping, sharing and comforting)

Anitsocial Behavior

Being hostile or harmful to society

Counseling

Non-judgement short-term helpful processes where an individual (counselor) helps another individual (counsilee) or group (clients) understand and deal with issues of problems in their daily lives

Psychology

The study of human behavior

Id

Unconsciousness, selfishness, and principles to gain pleasure and instant gratification

Superego

Internal thoughts of moral principles

Ego

Conscious self-analyzation and your reality principles

Anxiety

An unpleasant inner state

Defense Mechanism

Created by the ego (conscious self) to combat anxiety (created by the id and the superego)

Grief

Emotions that are caused by a loss

Bereavement

The act or event of a loss that results in grief

Mourning

Grief and sorrow over time that helps recognize life after loss (feelings that are an outward sign)

Lindemann’s Theory

Grief is physically, emotionally, and psychologically draining; directly causing somatic disturbances

Grief Work

The process to loosen the attachment to the deceased

Grief Syndrome

Symptoms that are associated with loss such as your inability to function as before

Wordon’s Theory

Tasks of mourning 1. Accept the reality of the loss 2. Process the pain of grief 3. Adjust to the world without the deceased 4. Find a connection with the deceased while embarking on a new life

Bowlby and Parkes Theory

Phases of grief: 1. Shock and numbness 2. Yearning and searching 3. Disorganization and despair 4. Reorganization

Kubler-Ross Theory

Stages of dying 1. Denial 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance

Freud’s Theory

Melancholia and mourning; in grief, your world is empty. In depression, you as a person is all that is empty