Types of Solutions

Solubility definition

maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a set quantity of solvent, at a set temperature and pressure

Units of solubility are expressed in the same way as ___

concentration

NacCl is 360g per litre, The max mass of NaCl that will dissolve in one litre of water is ___

360g

Solids are what with increase temperature

most solids are increasingly soluble with increasing temperature

Most solids are increasingly soluble with increasing temperature

Solute	Solubility (g per 100g of water)
Sugar (Sucrose)	200
Table Salt (Sodium chloride)	35
Limestone (Calcium carbonate)	0.0013

What are the things that : The solubility of ionic compounds in water is largely influenced by interactions between ion and water molecules

Dissociation, hydration, solvation

Dissociation definition with example

when an ionic compound such as sodium chloride is added to water, the positive and negative ions are attracted to the polar water molecules - water molecules have partial positive charge near the hydrogen atoms and a partial negative charge near the oxygen atom

What happens when an ionic compound like NaCl is added to water?

The compound dissociates into its ions.

Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions are attracted to the polar water molecules.
This attraction is due to ion-dipole interactions between the ions and water.

Why can water dissolve ionic compounds so effectively

Water is a polar molecule.
It has a partial positive charge near the hydrogen atoms.
It has a partial negative charge near the oxygen atom.
These charges allow water to surround and stabilize ions in solution.

Hydration defintion

The water molecules surround the individual ions-positive end of the water molecules (hydrogen) is attracted to the negative ions (anions) and the negative end of the water molecules (oxygen) is attracted to the positive ions (cations)

solvation definition

attraction between the water molecules and the ions overcomes the ionic bonds holding the compound together - the results in the ions being pulled apart and dispersed the water, forming solution.

What is hydration in the context of dissolving ionic compounds

Hydration is when water molecules surround individual ions.
The positive hydrogen ends of water are attracted to anions (negative ions).
The negative oxygen ends are attracted to cations (positive ions).
This stabilizes the ions in solution.

How does solvation lead to the formation of a solution

Water molecules attract and interact with the ions.
These interactions overcome the ionic bonds in the solid compound.
The ions are pulled apart and dispersed, forming a homogeneous solution.

Process of dissolving salts Many ionic compounds ___

Ionic compounds dissolve readily in water, when an ionic substance is added to the water the lattice splits up

Process of dissolving salts water molecules orient themselves with :

the hydrogen atoms facing towards anions and the oxygen atoms facing towards cations, ionic bonds br