AP United States Government and Politics Summer Assignment Practice Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the 27 Amendments, Checks and Balances, Majority requirements, and Political Ideologies as outlined in the AP US Government summer assignment.

Amendment 1

Guarantees Free Speech, Press, Petition, and the Free Exercise of Religion.

Amendment 2

The Right to Bear Arms.

Amendment 3

Provides for No Quartering of Soldiers in homes.

Amendment 4

Prohibits Unreasonable Searches and Seizures.

Amendment 5

States that a person cannot be forced to incriminate yourself, protects against double jeopardy, and establishes eminent domain.

Amendment 6

Guarantees the Right to a lawyer, a fair and speedy trial, and the right to confront witnesses against you.

Amendment 7

Citizens have the right to a jury trial in federal non-criminal cases.

Amendment 8

Prohibits cruel and unusual punishment and unreasonable bail.

Amendment 9

States that just because a right is not specifically mentioned in the Constitution does not mean citizens don't have that right.

Amendment 10

Specifies that all powers not given to the national government go to the states.

Amendment 11

Citizens cannot sue a state in federal court without the state's permission.

Amendment 12

Established separate electoral college ballots for President and Vice President.

Amendment 13

Abolished slavery.

Amendment 14

Reiterated citizenship for freed slaves and included the privileges and immunities clause, due process clause, and equal protection clause.

Amendment 15

Stated that all males could vote.

Amendment 16

Granted Congress the power to levy an income tax.

Amendment 17

Established that Senators are now elected by the people of the state, not the legislatures.

Amendment 18

The prohibition of alcohol.

Amendment 19

Established women's suffrage (women could now vote).

Amendment 20

Moved up the time national office holders take office and established that if something happens to the President, the Vice President takes over.

Amendment 21

Repealed prohibition.

Amendment 22

Limited the president's terms to two $4$ year terms, with a maximum of $10$ years.

Amendment 23

Gave Washington D.C. $3$ electoral votes.

Amendment 24

Abolished poll taxes.

Amendment 25

Established procedures for if the President becomes unfit for duty.

Amendment 26

Lowered the voting age so that $18$ year olds can vote.

Amendment 27

Congress cannot increase their pay in the same term.

Bully pulpit

The executive power of appealing directly to the people.

Judicial Review

The power of the Judicial Branch to check both the Legislative Branch and the Executive Branch.

Bureaucratic Discretion

The power given to agencies by Congress to implement laws using their expert judgement.

Bureaucratic Rulemaking

The process by which agencies create the regulations necessary to carry out the laws that Congress makes; these regulations have the same effect as laws.

Margin to override a presidential veto

$\frac{2}{3}$ majority in the House of Representatives and $\frac{2}{3}$ majority in the Senate.

Margin to ratify a treaty

$\frac{2}{3}$ majority in the Senate.

Margin to impeach a president

A simple majority ($\text{half plus one}$) in the House of Representatives.

Margin to convict a president in an impeachment trial

$\frac{2}{3}$ majority in the Senate.

Margin to confirm a federal court nominee

A simple majority in the Senate.

Margin to elect the President

A simple majority of $270$ electoral votes.

Margin to propose a constitutional amendment

$\frac{2}{3}$ majority in both houses of Congress OR $\frac{2}{3}$ of state legislatures requesting a convention.

Margin to ratify a constitutional amendment

$\frac{3}{4}$ of states.

Political ideology

A collection of beliefs about morality, economics, efficiency, how society should function, and the proper role of government.

Liberal Ideology

Advocates for an important role for government in society, economic regulation, social service spending, and government restraint in regulating private moral issues.

Conservative Ideology

Advocates for a minimal government role in society and the economy, believes in government regulation of moral issues to uphold tradition, and favors limited funding of social goods.

Libertarian Ideology

Opposes government regulation of both economic activity and personal choices, prioritizing individual liberty as the highest value.

Party platform

A compilation of the policy positions a party favors, which reflect its ideology.

Political culture

The broadly shared set of political values, beliefs, and norms held within a society.

Political socialization

The process by which individuals within a society acquire their political values and opinions, influenced by agents like family and media.