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the 5 khandas

the 5 khandas

form, sensations, perception, mental formation, conciouness

4 noble truths

dukkha - suffering exists, tanha - the cause of suffering, nirodha - the end of suffering, magga - the path to the end of suffering

3 marks of existence

anatta - non-self, anicca- impermance, dukkha - suffering

the 4 sights

old age, sickness, death, holy man

5 moral precepts

refrain from killing or harming, refrain from stealing, refrain from wrongful sexual activity, refrain from lying, refrain from taking drugs and alcohol that clouds the mind

bhikku

Buddhist priest

bodhisattva

an enlightened person who postpones their Buddhahood to help others

buddha-nature

fundamental nature in all beings - means all beings have the potential to become enlightened (mahayana buddhists)

dependent origination

the teaching that everything in existence has a cause

dhamma

universal law - ultimate truth - teachings of the buddha

eightfold path

the middle way - right concentration, right mindfulness, right effort, right livelihood, right action, right speech, right intention, right view

the threefold way

wisdom, ethics, meditation

Nibbana

state of perfect peace, liberated from samsara

samsara

the cycle of life, death and rebirth

parinibbana

Nibbana without remainder

six perfections

generosity, patience, morality, energy, wisdom, meditation

six realms of existence

heaven, realm of humans, realm of angry gods, realm of hungry gods, animal realm, hell realm

tanha

thirst, craving, desire

tathagatagarbha

Part of the nature of all beings is that they have the potential inside of them to become enlightened (Mahayana Buddhists

three jewels/refuges

the buddha,, the dhamma, the sangha

three posions

hatred, greed, ignorance

3 wholesome factors

wisdom, generosity, loving kindness

uposatha day

Time to renew and an opportunity to purify one’s life. Involves intense reflection and meditation for monastic people and lay people will observe 8 precepts and step up their efforts

why is uposatha day important

a time to focus on meditation and reflection. happens very often - every fortnight

vassa

Bhikkus use this time to re-energize their commitment to the dhamma, lay people use it to advance their spiritual progress. It is a 3-month retreat - where monks stay in the temple. This time is spent meditating and reflecting. at the end there is a day when bhikkus reflect on what they could have done better

why is vassa important

This was originally when the Buddha’s first teaching was given. It is used as a time to see what to do better and a time to advance spiritual progress

wesak

This day is to commemorate the birth, enlightenment, and death of the Buddha. The lay sangha makes donations, bhikku, and lays will spend the day together in the temple taking lectures on scriptures etc. lanterns will be lit and carried through the streets

why is wesak important

Commemorates the whole of the Buddha’s life. Brings together Buddhists.

paranirvana day

Marks the death of the Buddha - 15th February. It is a traditional day for pilgrimage.

Significance of paranirvana day

Reinforces the idea of annica. opportunity to reflect on death

aims of meditation

to develop a still, calm, and focused mind. To develop a greater awareness and understanding of the Buddha

samatha meditation

this is calming meditation. Buddhists will focus their attention on 1 object and then focus on their breath. develops right concentration

vipassana meditation

focusing on sensations in the body and thoughts and feelings. cultivates right action + speech + mindfulness + understanding.

visualisation

Imagine an object or look at an object, then take away the object. Now try to remember that object in as much detail as possible. this is to develop compassion

metta meditation

used to develop ‘loving kindness’. this is where you cultivate loving kindness for yourself then to friends family and strangers. this is used to develop right action + speech

zazen meditation

Sit in a quiet room, attain a state of relaxed attention, then you are given a koan - which is a question that cannot be understood using conventional thinking. This is used to develop a deeper understanding of the nature of existence

chanting

Just saying one note, involves humming deeply. The most common is saying ‘Om mani padme hum’ represents the sound of compassion. this helps to remember key teachings - as sometimes you will chant teachings of the Buddha such as the three refugees or the 5 moral precepts. it gives a sense of community

Temple

a building allowing many people to come together to learn, meditate, celebrate and offer devotions. A temple will contain a shrine and space for community activities.

Vihara

a monastery for monks or nuns who have devoted themselves to the Buddhist path. Members of the wider community earn positive karma from supporting the vihara. The vihara in return supports the community in their spiritual growth.

Shrine

the site of a statue or image of the Buddha, either within a temple or vihara, or alone. Offerings (such as flowers, food and incense) are often made to the statue or image to show gratitude and respect.

Stupa

a structure in the shape of a burial mound built to house relics of the Buddha or other important Buddhist teachers. People walk around them while chanting to aid concentration.

Gompa

this Tibetan institution combines a shrine, a vihara and a meditation hall. Some contain facilities for study and learning.